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Designation: C 29/C 29M – 97

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Standard AASHTO No.: T19/T19M

Standard Test Method for

Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 29/C 29M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, theyear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk density (“unit weight”) of aggregate in a compacted or loose condition,and calculated voids between particles in fine, coarse, or mixed aggregates based on the same determination. This test method is applicable to aggregates not exceeding 5 in. [125 mm] in nominal maximum size.
NOTE 1—Unit weight is the traditional terminology used to describe the property determined by this test method, which is weight per unit volume (more correctly, mass per unit volume ordensity).

C 702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size2 D 75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates3 D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles4 E 11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for Testing Purposes5 2.2 AASHTO Standard: T19/T19M Method of Test for Unit Weight and Voids in Aggregate6 3. Terminology 3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Terminology C 125 unlessotherwise indicated. 3.1.1 bulk density, n—of aggregate, the mass of a unit volume of bulk aggregate material, in which the volume includes the volume of the individual particles and the volume of the voids between the particles. Expressed in lb/ft3 [kg/m3]. 3.1.2 unit weight, n—weight (mass) per unit volume. (Deprecated term–used preferred term bulk density.) 3.1.2.1 Discussion—Weight is equal to themass of the body multiplied by the acceleration due to gravity. Weight may be expressed in absolute units (newtons, poundals) or in gravitational units (kgf, lbf), for example: on the surface of the earth, a body with a mass of 1 kg has a weight of 1 kgf (approximately 9.81 N), or a body with a mass of 1 lb has a weight of 1 lbf (approximately 4.45 N or 32.2 poundals). Since weight is equal to masstimes the acceleration due to gravity, the weight of a body will vary with the location where the weight is determined, while the mass of the body remains constant. On the surface of the earth, the force of gravity imparts to a body that is free to fall an acceleration of approximately 9.81 m/s2 (32.2 ft/s2). D 123. 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 3.2.1 voids, n—in unit volume ofaggregate, the space between particles in an aggregate mass not occupied by solid mineral matter. 3.2.1.1 Discussion—Voids within particles, either permeable or impermeable, are not included in voids as determined by this test method.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01. 5 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. 6 Available from AmericanAssociation of State Highway and Transportation Officials, 444 N. Capitol St. NW, Suite 225, Washington, DC 20001.
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1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard, as appropriate for a specification with which this test method is used. An exception is with regard to sieve sizes and nominal size of aggregate, in which the SI values are thestandard as stated in Specification E 11. Within the text, SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this...