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GRAND CHALLENGES FOR ENGINEERING
A diverse committee of experts from around the world, some of the most accomplished engineers and scientists of their generation, proposed the 14 challenges outlined in this booklet. The panel, which was convened by the U.S. National Academy of Engineering (NAE) at the request of the U.S. National Science Foundation, did not rank the challenges selected, nor didit endorse particular approaches to meeting them. Rather than attempt to include every important goal for engineering, the panel chose opportunities that
were both achievable and sustainable to help people and the planet thrive. The panel’s conclusions were reviewed by more than 50 subject-matter experts. In addition, the effort received worldwide input from prominent engineers and scientists, aswell as from the general public. The NAE is offering an opportunity to comment on the challenges via the project’s interactive Web site at www.engineeringchallenges.org.
GRAND CHALLENGES FOR ENGINEERING COMMITTEE
WILLIAM PERRY Committee Chair, (Former Secretary of Defense, U.S. Department of Defense) Michael and Barbara Berberian Professor and Professor of Engineering, Stanford University
ALECBROERS Chairman, Science and Technology Select Committee, United Kingdom House of Lords
FAROUK EL-BAZ Research Professor and Director, Center for Remote Sensing, Boston University
WESLEY HARRIS Department Head and Charles Stark Draper Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
BERNADINE HEALY Health Editor and Columnist, U.S. News & World Report
W. DANIELHILLIS Chairman and Co-Founder, Applied Minds, Inc.
CALESTOUS JUMA Professor of the Practice of International Development, Harvard University
DEAN KAMEN Founder and President, DEKA Research and Development Corp.
RAYMOND KURZWEIL Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Kurzweil Technologies, Inc.
ROBERT LANGER Institute Professor, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
JAIME LERNER Architect andUrban Planner, Instituto Jaime Lerner
BINDU LOHANI Director General and Chief Compliance Officer, Asian Development Bank
JANE LUBCHENCO Wayne and Gladys Valley Professor of Marine Biology and Distinguished Professor of Zoology, Oregon State University
MARIO MOLÍNA Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California
LARRY PAGE Co-Founder and President of Products, Google, Inc.ROBERT SOCOLOW Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University Environmental Institute
J. CRAIG VENTER President, The J. Craig Venter Institute
JACKIE YING Executive Director, Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
STAFF
RANDY ATKINS Project Director, National Academy of Engineering
VALERIE CHASE Executive Editor, Office of News and Public Information, NationalAcademies
LANCE DAVIS Executive Officer, National Academy of Engineering
CECILE GONZALEZ Program Associate, National Academy of Engineering (through June 2008)
NATHAN KAHL Program Associate, National Academy of Engineering
PROCTOR REID Director, Program Office, National Academy of Engineering
Make solar energy economical 7
Provide energy from fusion 10
Develop carbon sequestration methods13
Manage the nitrogen cycle 16
Provide access to clean water 19
Restore and improve urban infrastructure 22
Advance health informatics 25
Engineer better medicines 30
Reverse-engineer the brain 34
Prevent nuclear terror 37
Secure cyberspace 40 Enhance virtual
reality 42 Advance personalized
learning 45
Engineer the tools of scientific discovery 48
GRAND CHALLENGES FOR ENGINEERINGIntroduction
Throughout human history, engineering has driven the advance of civilization. From the metallurgists who ended the Stone Age to the shipbuilders who united the world’s peoples through travel and trade, the past witnessed many marvels of engi- neering prowess. As civilization grew, it was nourished and enhanced with the help of increasingly sophisticated tools for agricul- ture,...