Textos De Divorcio

*Deut 24:1-4

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1 Cuando alguno tomare mujer y se casare con ella, si no le agradare por haber hallado en ella alguna cosa indecente, le escribirá carta de divorcio, y se la entregará en su mano, y la despedirá de su casa.
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2 Y salida de su casa, podrá ir y casarse con otro hombre.-------------------------------------------------
3 Pero si la aborreciere este último, y le escribiere carta de divorcio, y se la entregare en su mano, y la despidiere de su casa; o si hubiere muerto el postrer hombre que la tomó por mujer,
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4 no podrá su primer marido, que la despidió, volverla a tomar para que sea su mujer, después que fue envilecida;porque es abominación delante de Jehová, y no has de pervertir la tierra que Jehová tu Dios te da por heredad.

-Algunos términos son llamativos:

."tomar mujer" (la ley no se dirige a mujeres, sino a hombres). La expresión hebrea refiere a hacer suyo algo: xQ:ïyI (impf., 3 p, sing).

."y se casare con ella" es de la expresión hebrea Hl'_['b.W , literalmente "y se enseñorea de ella". Usal[;B'( , significa "Señor" y "casarse" es el verbo l[;B'( que significa "ser señor de la mujer". Obsérvese este mismo uso en Gen 20:3 en la historia de Abraham y Sarah.

."le escribirá carta de divorcio, y la pone en su mano, y la envía (despide) de su casa",
At*yBemi Hx'ÞL.viw> Hd"êy"B. !t:ån"w> ‘ttuyrIK. rp,seÛ Hl'ø bt;k'’w> . Se trata de una ley presentada de forma casuística

"Leescribirá" señala la responsabilidad de darle sí o sí una constancia del divorcio que la libere a ella ("pondrá en su mano")

"Carta de divorcio" en el hebreo es ttuyrIK. rp,seÛ , textualmente "escrito de ruptura" ("to cut off").

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Cognates are found in the Akkadian verb kartu "to cut off" and verbal adjective kartu "cut up," as well as inTigre where the verbal equivalent means "to bring to an end."
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In addition to the literal meaning of this root, "to cut off" (Exo 4:25; 1Sam 5:4) and "to cut down" (a "woodcutter" in Isa 14:8) there is the metaphorical meaning to root out, eliminate, remove, excommunicate or destroy by a violentact of man or nature. It is sometimes difficult in a given context to know whether the person(s) who is "cut off" is to be killed or only excommunicated. Verses like Gen 9:11, "Neither shall all flesh be cut off any more by the waters of a flood" clearly refer to destruction, but Exo 12:15 appears to refer to exclusion from the community. An interesting passage which illustrates the difficulty indeciding whether the word is literal or metaphorical in usage is Num 11:33. Did the Lord strike the Israelites with a plague before the meat of the quails was chewed (literally "cut off") or was it while they were still eating quails before the quails ceased to come or were removed?
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The mostimportant use of the root is "to cut" a covenant b®rît (q.v.). The word here is pregnant with theological meaning. A covenant must be cut because the slaughter of animals was a part of the covenant ritual (Speiser, Genesis, in AB, p. 112; BA 34.18). Genesis 15 is a significant passage in this regard. The Lord made (cut) a covenant with Abram (v. 18) involving a mysterious ceremony. Animals were cutin half and the parts laid opposite each other. E. Kutsch (THAT, I, p. 859) says that this ritual does not mean (a) the union of the two contracting parties (Gen 15:18) designated by the flame's passing through between the two pieces (so C. F. Keil) because this meaning does not fit in Jer 34:18 (J. J. P. Valeton, ZAW 12:227): (b) the "mystical-sacramental unification" of the two partners (B....