The Lit Interior

The Lit Interior

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The Lit Interior
William J. Fielder
With contributions by Frederick H. Jones PhD PE, m. IESNA

OXFORD

AUCKLAND

BOSTON

JOHANNESBURG

MELBOURNE

NEW DELHI

Architectural Press An imprint of Butterworth-Heinemann Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 225 Wildwood Avenue, Woburn, MA 01801-2041 A division of ReedEducational and Professional Publishing Ltd A member of the Reed Elsevier plc group First published 2001 © William J. Fielder and Frederick H. Jones 2001 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication)without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1P 0LP. Applications for the copyright holder’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to thepublishers British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Fielder, William J. The lit interior 1. Interior lighting 2. Lighting, architectural and decorative I. Title II. Jones, Frederick H. (Frederick Hicks), 1944– 747.9'2 Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Fielder, William J. The lit interior/William J. Fielder; with contributions by Frederick H. Jones. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN0-7506-4890-2 1. Interior lighting. 2. Electric lighting. 3. Lighting, architectural and decorative. I. Jones, Frederick H. (Frederick Hicks), 1944– TH7703.F54 2001 621.32'2–dc21 2001053540 ISBN 0 7506 4890 2

Composition by Scribe Design, Gillingham, Kent, UK Printed and bound in Great Britain by MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall

Contents

Preface Chapter 1. The design medium The process ofvision Light mechanics Transmission Refraction Reflection Absorption Physical factors Size Contrast Luminance Time Light quantity Light quality Glare Brightness ratio Diffusion Color rendition The psychology of lighting Summary Exercises Chapter 2. The design tools Lamps – the light source Lamp theory Incandescence Photoluminance Color temperature Color rendering index

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Contents

Lamp – major types Incandescent lamps Standard incandescent lamps Tungsten halogen lamps Infrared reflecting lamps Incandescent lamp benefits Incandescent lamp drawbacks Incandescent lamp uses Fluorescent lamps Rapid start fluorescent lamps Instant start fluorescent lamps High output and very high output fluorescent lamps Compactfluorescent lamps Other fluorescent lamps Fluorescent lamp advantages Fluorescent lamp drawbacks Fluorescent lamp uses High intensity discharge (HID) lamps Mercury vapor lamps Metal halide lamps High pressure sodium lamps Low pressure sodium lamps Ballasts Fluorescent ballasts Magnetic fluorescent ballasts Hybrid fluorescent ballasts Electronic fluorescent ballasts High intensity discharge (HID)ballasts Reactor ballast High reactance autotransformer ballast Constant wattage Constant wattage autotransformer ballast Luminaires Reflectors Shielding and diffusion devices Baffles Diffusers Luminaire housings Luminaire classification Direct illumination Semi-direct illumination Semi-indirect and indirect illumination Luminaire photometric data Lighting calculations

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Contents

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Zonal cavity calculations Computerized calculations Controls Standards, codes, and design guidelines NFPA-70, The National Electric Code NFPA-101, The Life Safety Code ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1 EPACT 92 IES recommended illumination levels Exercises Chapter 3. The...