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Robotics Technology – Effectors

An effector is any device that affects the environment. Robots control their effectors, which are also known as end effectors. Effectors include legs, wheels, arms,fingers, wings and fins. Controllers cause the effectors to produce desired effects on the environment.
An actuator is the actual mechanism that enables the effector to execute an action. Actuatorstypically include electric motors, hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders, etc.  The terms effector and actuator are often used interchangeably to mean "whatever makes the robot take an action."
How manydegrees of freedom (DOF) a robot has is going to be very important in determining how it can affect its world, and therefore how well, if at all, it can accomplish its task. 
You need to know, for agiven effector (and actuator/s), how many DOF are available to the robot, as well as how many total DOF any given robot has.
Two basic ways of using effectors:
* to move the robot around=>locomotion
* to move other object around =>manipulation
These divide robotics into two mostly separate categories:
* mobile robotics
* manipulator robotics

MANOS DEL ROBOT (EFECTORFINAL)
    Las capacidades del robot básico deben aumentarse por medio de dispositivos adicionales los cuales incluyen el herramental que se une a la muñeca del robot y a los sensores que permiten alrobot interaccionar con su entorno.
    En robótica el término efector final se utiliza para describir la mano o herramienta que esta unida a la muñeca.

CATEGORIAS DE EFECTORES FINALES:
1. PINZAS.-Las pinzas se utilizan para agarrar un objeto y sujetarlo durante el ciclo de trabajo del robot.

CLASIFICACIÓN DE PINZAS :
    a) Pinzas simples.-Es que sólo se monta un dispositivo de agarreunidos en la muñeca del robot.
    b) Pinzas dobles.- Esta posee dos dispositivos de agarre unidos a la muñeca y se utiliza para sostener dos objetos distintos.
PINZAS MECANICAS
    Las pinzas...