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The Effects of Martial Arts On the Behavior of Boys with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) Overview

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) is the most commonly diagnosed disorder of childhood. The National Institute of Mental Health (2003) estimated three to five percent of all American children have AD/HD. This equates to 1 in 82 or 3.3 million children in the U.S.Study Objective:

The (2004) study measured the effects of a Martial Arts Intervention Program and the effects of an Exercise Intervention Program on the academic and behavior performance of ‘non-medicated’ boys with AD/HD.

Areas Measured:
Effectiveness in decreasing maladaptive behaviors such as leaving the seat in class, redirection to task and outbursts in class. Effectiveness inincreasing adaptive behaviors such as percentage of completed homework, improved academic performance and frequency of following instructions.

Study Methodology

Participants were eighteen ‘non-medicated’ boys ages 8 to 11, diagnosed with AD/HD. Participants were organized into Three Groups over a 12-week study period:
Martial Arts Intervention Group: Exercise Intervention Group: Control Group: SixBoys participating in Martial Arts Intervention Program twice a week. Six Boys participating in an Exercise Program twice a week. Six Boys participating in a Control Group with No Intervention.

Schoolteachers completed a Behavior Checklist both before and during the 12-week study: Percentage of Homework Completion - Number of Class Rules Broken Number of Inappropriate Call-Outs in Class -Number of Times Leaving Seat Percentage of Academic Performance - Percentage of Redirection to Task Percentage of Classroom Preparation

Study Results & Conclusions
Results were determined by a comparison between pre and post scores on a rating scale. The study lends empirical support to Martial Arts as a Positive Non-Medication Intervention for boys with AD/HD. Martial Arts were shown toSubstantially Increase the percentage of: - Homework Completion - Academic Performance - Classroom Participation Martial Arts were shown to Substantially Decrease the: - Number of Classroom Rules Broken - Times Inappropriately Leaving Seat - Call Outs in Class

Martial Arts Intervention Program scored higher in the study, than an Exercise Intervention Program.

…/2 -ADHD Study Summary

SpecificResults & Hypothesis

As measured by the Behavior Checklist in the study, it is hypothesized that in children with AD/HD a Martial Arts Program two-times per-week will: Increase the percentage of Completed Homework o 36% to 85.7% TSK Martial Arts Intervention Group (Effect Size: 1.547)
♣ 35% to 52.8% Exercise Program Group (Effect Size: 0.688) ♣ 42% to 37.1% Control Group (Effect Size: 0.293)

-Decrease Lack of Classroom Rule Compliance o 40 times to 15 times weekly - TSK Martial Arts Intervention Group (Effect Size: 8.937)
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30 times to 20 times weekly - Exercise Intervention Group (Effect Size: 2.812) 38 to 37 weekly - Control Group (Effect Size: .3539)

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Decrease the Number of Inappropriate Call-Outs in Class o 62 times to 25 times weekly – Martial Arts InterventionProgram (Effect Size: 4.674)
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23.4 times to 14.5 times weekly - Exercise Intervention Group (Effect Size: 7.835) 35.8 times to 34.9 times weekly - Control Group (Effect Size: 0.189)

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Decrease the Number of Times participant Inappropriately Leaves Seat in Class o 37 times to 20 times weekly - Martial Arts Intervention Group (Effect Size: 7.241)
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20.4 times to 12.7 times weekly -Exercise Intervention Group (Effect Size: 1.336) 23.2 times to 25.7 times weekly - Control Group (Effect Size: .3642)

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Improve Academic Performance o 45.2% to 81.6% weekly - Martial Arts Intervention Group (Effect Size: 15.97)
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56.6% to 61.1% weekly - Exercise Intervention Group (Effect Size: 0.677) 37.8% to 39.6% weekly - Control Group (Effect Size: 0.216)

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