Turbinas

ISBN 0 902121 2 35

Contents
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Basic mechanics Working cycle and airflow Compressors Combustion chambers Turbines Exhaust system Accessory drives Lubrication Internal air system Fuel system Starting and ignition Controls and instrumentation Ice protection Fire protection Thrust reversal Afterburning Water injectionVertical/short take-off and landing Noise suppression Thrust distribution Performance Manufacture Power plant installation Maintenance Overhaul Appendix 1; Conversion factors 1 11 19 35 45 59 65 73 85 95 121 133 147 153 159 169 181 187 199 207 215 229 243 251 263 277

Rolls-Royce Trent 800

Developed from the RB211, the Trent covers a thrust range of 71,000 lb to 92,000 lb thrust, with the capabilityto grow beyond 100,000 lb. The Trent 800 features a 110 inch diameter wide-chord fan, high flow compressors and Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC). Detailed engineering design began in 1988 to meet the propulsion requirements of the Airbus A330 (Trent 700) and Boeing 777 (Trent 800). The Trent first ran in August 1990, and in January 1994 a Trent 800 demonstrated a world record thrust of106,087 lb. The engine entered service in March 1995 in the Airbus A330.

Introduction
This book has been written to provide a simple and self-contained description of the working and underlying principles of the aero gas turbine engine. The use of complex formulae and the language of the specialist have been avoided to allow for a clear and concise presentation of the essential facts. Onlysuch description and formulae, therefore, as are necessary to the understanding of the function and the theory of the engine are included. It will be noted that the emphasis in this book is on the turbo-jet engine and that no special part deals with the propeller-turbine engine. This is because the working principles of both engine types are essentially the same. However where differences infunction or application do exist, these are described. The aero gas turbine is being continually developed to provide improved performance for each new generation of aircraft; the fourth edition of this book has been revised and expanded to include the latest aero gas engine technology.

Rolls-Royce RB183 Mk 555

On 1 April, 1943, Rolls-Royce assumed responsibility for the Power Jets W2B which, amonth earlier, had made its first flight in the Gloster E28/39 at 1200lb thrust. Later known as the B23 Welland it was, during April, put through a 100 hr test at the design rating of 1600 Ib thrust. In June, 1943, it flew in a Gloster Meteor at 1400lb thrust. Production Welland-Meteors were in action against V-1 flying bombs in August 1944.

Rolls-Royce B23 Welland

1: Basic mechanicsContents
Introduction Principles of jet propulsion Methods of jet propulsion
Page

1 2 3

INTRODUCTION 1. The development of the gas turbine engine as an aircraft power plant has been so rapid that it is difficult to appreciate that prior to the 1950s very few people had heard of this method of aircraft propulsion. The possibility of using a reaction jet had interested aircraft designers for along time, but initially the low speeds of early aircraft and the unsuitably of a piston engine for producing the large high velocity airflow necessary for the ‘jet’ presented many obstacles. 2. A French engineer, René Lorin, patented a jet propulsion engine (fig. 1-1) in 1913, but this was an athodyd (para. 11) and was at that period impossible to manufacture or use, since suitable heat resistingmaterials had not then been developed and, in the second place, jet propulsion would have been extremely inefficient at the low speeds of the aircraft of those days. However, today the modern ram jet is very similar to Lorin's conception. 3. In 1930 Frank Whittle was granted his first patent for using a gas turbine to produce a propulsive jet,

Fig. 1-1

Lorin's jet engine.

but it was...