Universidades de la colonia
The first university: San Marcos emerged when the Spanish power in Peru had not yet been consolidated. It was created by Royal Document of 12 may, 1551, sixteen years after the foundation of Lima. This university, called San Marcos since 1574, represents an exceptional casein the history of education; because at that time there were only a few elementary schools in Lima and the other cities of Peru. This means that a great leap was made from the very elementary level up to higher education. Intermediate education appeared afterwards. In 1571, San Marcos was confirmed by Brief of Pope Pio V, as a state and pontifical university, under the protection of both powers.This was followed by scholasticism, and with it, the bookish, memorizing and dogmatic teaching prevailed. It was also aristocratic and elitist. The University of San Cristobal de Huamanga (Ayacucho) was found by the local bishop in 1677, ratified by Royal Document of 1680 and by Papal Brief of 1682. The University of San Antonio Abad, in Cusco, emerged with Papal Brief and Royal Document of 1682.The University of San Ignacio, again in Cusco (1621) stopped duties when the Jesuitas were expelled (1767). The characteristics of these institutions were similar to those of San Marcos. All of them reproduced the Hispanic university model, and emerged linked to religions communities. The National University of Trujillo, the first one of the republic, was founded at the turning point of theemancipation, in 1824, by Simon Bolivar and José Faustino Sánchez Carrión. With it, the republic university model begins. Then the National University of San Agustín of Arequipa (1827); after this the University of San Carlos of Puno appeared, but had a short life. The Catholic University the first private university, was created in 1917
2.- En el sur, los límites del Perú estaban, hasta ciertopunto, mejor establecidos o quizás mejor reconocidos. Tengamos en cuenta que esta área fue objeto de atención continua del Estado central, tanto colonial como republicano. Primero porque el espacio sur andino, fue el área de mayor importancia para la extracción de metales preciosos, principalmente del mineral de plata durante el virreynato; y luego, porque el área concentraba el grueso de la...
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