Variadores de frecuencia para el ahorro de energia en bombas
Páginas: 28 (6821 palabras)
Publicado: 20 de marzo de 2012
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14 (2010) 454–461
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/rser
Electricity sector in Mexico: Current status. Contribution of renewable energy sources
´ ˜ Yoreley Cancino-Solorzano a,*, Eunice Villicana-Ortiz b, ´ Antonio J. Gutierrez-Trashorras b, JorgeXiberta-Bernat b
a b
´ctrica-Electro ´nica, Instituto Tecnolo ´gico de Veracruz, Calzada Miguel A. de Quevedo 2779, 91860 Veracruz, Mexico Departamento de Ing. Ele ´cnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Independencia, 13, 2a Planta, 33004 Oviedo, Spain Departamento de Energı´a, Escuela Te
A R T I C L E I N F O
A B S T R A C T
Article history: Received 12 May 2009Accepted 13 July 2009 Keywords: Grid Biogas Renewable energy
The challenge facing the world electricity sector is the cost incurred in maintaining the system and seeing to the environmental effects it causes. In Mexico the grid is supplied by thermal plants fed by oil products. Its great potential of renewable energies clearly shown in studies by national and international scholars has led thegovernment to become more committed to take advantage of these energies. The goal is to reduce dependence on fossil fuels to generate electricity and to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. In this article we analyse the current state of renewable energies, the conditions needed to foster them and the legislative changes already introduced to promote their greater part in the national electricitygrid. ß 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents 1. 2. 3. 4. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Country overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electricity sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1. Electricity consumption . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2. Growth . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3. Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Renewable energies in the electrical sector . 6.1. The current situation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2. Hydraulic energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3. Wind energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4. Solar energy . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5. Biomass energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6. Geothermic energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7. Tidal power energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Analysis and strategies for the development Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................................. ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... of EERR (renewableenergies). ......................... ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/rser
Electricity sector in Mexico: Current status. Contribution of renewable energy sources
´ ˜ Yoreley Cancino-Solorzano a,*, Eunice Villicana-Ortiz b, ´ Antonio J. Gutierrez-Trashorras b, JorgeXiberta-Bernat b
a b
´ctrica-Electro ´nica, Instituto Tecnolo ´gico de Veracruz, Calzada Miguel A. de Quevedo 2779, 91860 Veracruz, Mexico Departamento de Ing. Ele ´cnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Independencia, 13, 2a Planta, 33004 Oviedo, Spain Departamento de Energı´a, Escuela Te
A R T I C L E I N F O
A B S T R A C T
Article history: Received 12 May 2009Accepted 13 July 2009 Keywords: Grid Biogas Renewable energy
The challenge facing the world electricity sector is the cost incurred in maintaining the system and seeing to the environmental effects it causes. In Mexico the grid is supplied by thermal plants fed by oil products. Its great potential of renewable energies clearly shown in studies by national and international scholars has led thegovernment to become more committed to take advantage of these energies. The goal is to reduce dependence on fossil fuels to generate electricity and to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. In this article we analyse the current state of renewable energies, the conditions needed to foster them and the legislative changes already introduced to promote their greater part in the national electricitygrid. ß 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents 1. 2. 3. 4. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Country overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electricity sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1. Electricity consumption . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2. Growth . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3. Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Renewable energies in the electrical sector . 6.1. The current situation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2. Hydraulic energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3. Wind energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4. Solar energy . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5. Biomass energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6. Geothermic energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7. Tidal power energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Analysis and strategies for the development Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................................. ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... of EERR (renewableenergies). ......................... ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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