Verbos
The verb is king in English. The shortest sentence contains a verb. You can make a one-word sentence with a verb, for example: "Stop!" You cannot make a one-word sentence with any other type of word.
Verbs are sometimes described as "action words". This is partly true. Many verbs give the idea of action, of "doing" something. For example, words like run, fight, do and work allconvey action.
But some verbs do not give the idea of action; they give the idea of existence, of state, of "being". For example, verbs like be, exist, seem and belong all convey state.
A verb always has a subject. (In the sentence "John speaks English", John is the subject and speaks is the verb.) In simple terms, therefore, we can say that verbs are words that tell us what a subject does or is;they describe:
* action (Ram plays football.)
* state (Anthony seems kind.)
There is something very special about verbs in English. Most other words (adjectives, adverbs, prepositions etc) do not change in form (although nouns can have singular and plural forms). But almost all verbs change in form. For example, the verb to work has five forms:
* to work, work, works, worked, workingESTO ES LO ULTIMO
Regular and irregular verbs
This is more a question of vocabulary than of grammar. The only real difference between regular and irregular verbs is that they have different endings for their past tense and past participle forms. For regular verbs, the past tense ending and past participle ending is always the same: -ed. For irregular verbs, the past tense ending and thepast participle ending is variable, so it is necessary to learn them by heart.
regular verbs: base, past tense, past participle
* look, looked, looked
* work, worked, worked
irregular verbs: base, past tense, past participle
* buy, bought, bought
* cut, cut, cut
* do, did, done
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Verb Classification
We divideverbs into two broad classifications:
1. Helping Verbs
Imagine that a stranger walks into your room and says:
* I can.
* People must.
* The Earth will.
Do you understand anything? Has this person communicated anything to you? Probably not! That's because these verbs are helping verbs and have no meaning on their own. They are necessary for the grammatical structure of the sentence,but they do not tell us very much alone. We usually use helping verbs with main verbs. They "help" the main verb. (The sentences in the above examples are therefore incomplete. They need at least a main verb to complete them.) There are only about 15 helping verbs.
2. Main Verbs
Now imagine that the same stranger walks into your room and says:
* I teach.
* People eat.
* The Earthrotates.
Do you understand something? Has this person communicated something to you? Probably yes! Not a lot, but something. That's because these verbs are main verbs and have meaning on their own. They tell us something. Of course, there are thousands of main verbs.
In the following table we see example sentences with helping verbs and main verbs. Notice that all of these sentences have a mainverb. Only some of them have a helping verb.
| helping verb | | main verb | |
John | | | likes | coffee. |
You | | | lied | to me. |
They | | | are | happy. |
The children | are | | playing. | |
We | must | | go | now. |
I | do | not | want | any. |
Helping Verbs
Helping verbs are also called "auxiliary verbs".
Helping verbs have no meaning on their own.They are necessary for the grammatical structure of a sentence, but they do not tell us very much alone. We usually use helping verbs with main verbs. They "help" the main verb (which has the real meaning). There are only about 15 helping verbs in English, and we divide them into two basic groups:
Primary helping verbs (3 verbs)
These are the verbs be, do, and have. Note that we can use these...
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