Voz Activa Y Pasiva

 
CARACTERISTICAS
 
1. Se dice que una oración está en
VOZ ACTIVA
cuando la significación del verbo esproducida por la persona gramatical a quien aquél se refiere:
Pedro de Mendoza
founded 
Buenos Aires.
 (Pedro de Mendoza
fundó
Buenos Aires).
 
2
. Se dice que una oración está en
VOZ PASIVA
cuando la significación del verbo esrecibida por la persona gramatical a quien aquél serefiere:
Buenos Aires
was
founded 
by 
Pedro de Mendoza.
 (Buenos Aires
fue
 
fundada
por
Pedro de Mendoza).
 
3
. Se forma con el auxiliar del verbo
t
o b
e
y el participio pasado del verbo que seconjuga.
 
4
. El complemento de la oración activa pasa a sujeto de la pasiva. Como en castellano,el sujeto de la activa se puede conservar como sujeto agente.
 
5. Cuando unverbo tiene dos complementos se pueden hacer dos estructuras depasiva:a)
 A book was sent to Tom by Mr. Smith
, Un libro fue enviado a Tom por Mr. Smith.b)
Tom was sent a book by Mr. Smith
(pasiva idiomática). Esta estructura no esposible en castellano.
MOD ELO DE V ERBO EN VOZ PASIVA
 
TO BE SEEN = SER VISTO
 
PRESENTE
 
I am seen
, soy visto
you are seen
, eres visto
he is seen
, esvisto
we are seen
, somos vistos
you are seen
, sois vistos
they are seen
, son vistos
PRETERITO PERFECTO
 
I 
have been seen
, he sido visto
you have been seen
, has sido visto
he has been seen
, ha sido visto
we have been seen
, hemos sido vistos
you have been seen
, habéis sido vistos
they have been seen
, han sido vistos
 
PASADO
 
I 
was seen
, fui visto
you wereseen
, fuiste visto
he was seen
, fue visto
we were seen
, fuimos vistos
you were seen
, fuisteis vistos
they were seen
, fueron vistos
FUTURO
 
I 
shall be seen
, seré visto
you will be seen
, serás visto
he will be seen
, será visto
we shall be seen
, seremos vistos
you will be seen
, seréis vistos
they will be seen
, serán vistos
 
PRETERITO PLUSCUAMPERFECTO
:
I had been seen
, había sido visto
CONDICIONAL
:
I 
should be seen
, sería visto
FUTURO PERFECTO
:
I 
shall have been seen
, habré sido visto
CONDICIONAL PERFECTO
:
I 
should have been seen
, habría sido visto
 
La Voz Activa y Pasiva
Podemos
enfocar la acción del verbo en el sujeto
(voz activa) o
en el objeto
(voz pasiva).

El tiempo "Present Perfect" de la voz pasivaresponde a la pregunta: "What has been done?" = ¿Qué se ha hecho? o What has been being done? = ¿Qué se ha estado haciendo?
  1. Present
The car is washed
The car is being washed |   2. Present perfect
The car has been washed
The car has been being washed |
  3. Past
The car was washed
The car was being washed |   4. Past perfect
The car had been washed
The car had been being washed |
  5.Future
The car will be washed
The car will be being washed |   6. Future perfect
The car will have been washed
The car will have been being washed |
  7. Future (going to)
The car is going to be washed
The car is going to be being washed |   8. Future perfect (going to)
The car is going to have been washed
The car is going to have been being washed |
  9. Future in past
The car wasgoing to be washed
The car was going to be being washed | 10. Future perfect in past
The car was going to have been washed
The car was going to have been being washed |
11. Conditional
The car would be washed
The car would be being washed | 12. Conditional perfect
The car would have been washed
The car would have been being washed |
13. Modals
The car (can, could, ...) be washed
The car(can, could, ...) be being washed | 14. Modals + have
The car (can, could, ...) have been washed
The car (can, ...) have been being washed |
Tenses - Continuous Tenses
What has been done? - ¿Qué se ha hecho?
A house has been built.
Se ha construido una casa / Una casa ha sido construida
*
* The whole city has been destroyed by the earthquake.
La ciudad entera has sido...