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Main articles: Government of Canada[->0] and Politics of Canada[->1]
See also: Elections in Canada[->2] and List of political parties in Canada[->3]
Parliament Hill[->4] in Canada's capitalcity, Ottawa[->5]
Canada has a strong democratic tradition, upheld through a parliamentary system[->6] within the context of a constitutional monarchy[->7], the monarchy of Canada[->8] being thefoundation of the executive[->9], legislative[->10], and judicial[->11] branches. The sovereign is Queen Elizabeth II[->12], who also serves as head of state of 15 other Commonwealth countries[->13] andeach of Canada's ten provinces and resides predominantly in the United Kingdom. As such, the Queen's representative, the Governor General of Canada[->14] (presently David Lloyd Johnston[->15]), carriesout most of the federal royal duties in Canada.
The direct participation of the royal and viceroyal figures in areas of governance is limited in practice, their use of the executive powers isdirected by the Cabinet[->16], a committee of ministers of the Crown[->17] responsible to the elected House of Commons[->18] and chosen and headed by the Prime Minister of Canada[->19] (presently ), thehead of government[->20], though the governor general or monarch may in certain crisis situations exercise their power without ministerial advice[->21]. To ensure the stability of government, thegovernor general will usually appoint as prime minister the person who is the current leader of the political party that can obtain the confidence of a plurality[->22] in the House of Commons. The PrimeMinister's Office[->23] (PMO) is thus one of the most powerful institutions in government, initiating most legislation for parliamentary approval and selecting for appointment by the Crown, besidesthe aforementioned, the governor general, lieutenant governors[->24], senators, federal court judges, and heads of Crown corporations[->25] and government agencies. The leader of the party with the...