Wireless

Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks

Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks
Algorithms and Protocols for Scalable Coordination and Data Communication
Edited by Amiya Nayak and Ivan Stojmenovic

A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION

Copyright © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New JerseyPublished simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization throughpayment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online athttp://www.wiley.com/go/permission. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may becreated or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. Forgeneral information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic formats. For moreinformation about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Wireless sensor and actuator networks : algorithms and protocols for scalable coordination and data communication / edited by Amiya Nayak, Ivan Stojmenovic. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-470-17082-3 (cloth) 1. Wireless sensor networks. 2. Computeralgorithms. 3. Computer network protocols. I. Nayak, Amiya. II. Stojmenovic, Ivan. TK7872.D48W5666 2010 681 .2–dc22 2009031421 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Cover page designed by Milos Stojmenovic.

Contents

Preface ix Contributors

xv
1

1. Applications, Models, Problems, and Solution Strategies Hai Liu, Amiya Nayak, and Ivan Stojmenovic 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4.1.5.
1 Wireless Sensors Single-Hop Wireless Sensor Networks 2 Multihop Wireless Sensor Networks 3 Event-Driven, Periodic, and On-Demand Reporting 4 Unit Disk Graph Modeling, Hop Count Metric, and Probabilistic Reception 7 1.6. Adjustable Transmission Range and Power Metric 9 1.7. Cost Metrics 10 1.8. Sleep and Active State Modeling 11 1.9. Architectures for Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks12 1.10. Simple Models and Application of Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks 15 1.11. Generating Connected Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks 17 1.12. Generating Mobile Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks 19 1.13. Problems at Physical, MAC, and Transport Layers 19 1.14. Problems at the Network Layer 22 1.15. Localized Protocols as the Solution Framework 25 1.16. Implementation of Sensor...