WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION

WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an organization that intends to supervise and liberalize international trade. The organization officially commenced on 1 January 1995 under the Marrakech Agreement, replacing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which commenced in 1948. It has its headquarters in Geneva Switzerland and is official languages are Frenchand English the Spanish
The organization deals with regulation of trade between participating countries; it provides a framework for negotiating and formalizing trade agreements and a dispute resolution process aimed at enforcing participants' adherence to WTO agreements which are signed by representatives of member governments[6]:fol.9–10 and ratified by their parliaments.[7] Most of theissues that the WTO focuses on derive from previous trade negotiations, especially from the Uruguay Round (1986–1994).
Members and observers
The WTO has 159 members and 25 observer governments.[60] In addition to states, the European Union is a member. WTO members do not have to be full sovereign nation-members. Instead, they must be a customs territory with full autonomy in the conduct of theirexternal commercial relations. Thus Hong Kong has been a member since 1995 (as "Hong Kong, China" since 1997) predating the People's Republic of China, which joined in 2001 after 15 years of negotiations. The Republic of China (Taiwan) acceded to the WTO in 2002 as "Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu" (Chinese Taipei) despite its disputed status.[61] The WTO Secretariatomits the official titles (such as Counselor, First Secretary, Second Secretary and Third Secretary) of the members of Chinese Taipei's Permanent Mission to the WTO, except for the titles of the Permanent Representative and the Deputy Permanent Representative.[62]
Iran is the biggest economy outside the WTO.[63] With the exception of the Holy See, observers must start accession negotiations withinfive years of becoming observers. A number of international intergovernmental organizations have also been granted observer status to WTO bodies.[64] 14 states and two territories so far have no official interaction with the WTO.
Ecuador is a member of the WTO on January 21, 1996.
Functions
Among the various functions of the WTO, these are regarded by analysts as the most important:
Itoversees the implementation, administration and operation of the covered agreements.[32][33]
It provides a forum for negotiations and for settling disputes.[34][35]
Additionally, it is the WTO's duty to review and propagate the national trade policies, and to ensure the coherence and transparency of trade policies through surveillance in global economic policy-making.[33][35] Another priority of theWTO is the assistance of developing, least-developed and low-income countries in transition to adjust to WTO rules and disciplines through technical cooperation and training.[36]
The WTO is also a center of economic research and analysis: regular assessments of the global trade picture in its annual publications and research reports on specific topics are produced by the organization.[37]Finally, the WTO cooperates closely with the two other components of the Bretton Woods system, the IMF and the World Bank.[34]

ORGANIZACIÓN MUNDIAL DEL COMERCIO
La Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC) es una organización que tiene la intención de supervisar y liberalizar el comercio internacional. La organización comenzó oficialmente el 1 de enero 1995, en virtud del Acuerdo de Marrakech, ensustitución del Acuerdo General sobre Aranceles Aduaneros y Comercio (GATT), que comenzó en 1948. Tiene su sede en Ginebra, Suiza, y está idiomas oficiales son el francés y el Inglés Español
La organización se ocupa de la regulación del comercio entre los países participantes, sino que proporciona un marco para la negociación y formalización de acuerdos comerciales y un proceso de resolución de...