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9.1 notes

food=energy

Calorie/c= amount of energy to make 1 gram of water 1 degree higher

Kilocalorie/C= 1,000 calories

Fats, proteins, carbohydrates have different bonds they produce ATPto gradually break them down.

Cellular respiration- Food into ATP with oxygen

6 O2 + C6H12O6 - 6 Co2 + 6 H2o + energy

THREE STAGES

1. Glycolysis- (splitting sugar) in cytoplasm
* 6carbon sugar is split into two 3 carbon pyruvic acids, 2 ATP’s, 2 NADPH’s
* Can occur with or without 02
Aerobic (With it)= first process of cellular respiration
Anaerobic (Without it)=Fermentation which produces small amounts of ATP

2. The Krebs cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)-
* 2 pyruvates converted into Acetyl Coa, 3 NAD’s, 1 FAD, 2 ATP’s
* NAD’s and FAD’s are electroncarriers

3. The electron transport chain- requires Oxygen
* In H atoms their protons are separated from their electrons and passed through a medium of the mitochondria membrane.
* Through thisprocess they create ATP and loose their energy and bond with O2 to make H2O
* 34 ATP’s – 2 ATP’s (passing through the mitochondria membrane)

Overview-
* Photosynthesis is opposite ofcellular respiration
* In every living thing, except some bacteria
* Maximum Yield 36 ATP’s

Info carried by chromosomes
Each species has its own number
Each daughter cell gets own copyProkaryotes chromosomes
* DNA in cytoplasm
* Contain a single chromosome

Eukaryotic chromosomes
* Chromosomes in nucleus
* Made up of chromatin (replicates well), condensed intochromosomes when ready to divide.
* Chromatin made of DNA and histone proteins
* DNA rapped around histone is nucleosomes- Nucleosomes coiled is coils- coils that are coiled is supercoils
*Chromosomes have to half’s (sister chromosomes/ chromatid) exactly the same they meet at the centromere
* Centrioles pull chromosomes apart, makes spindles

The cell Cycle
* Cell grows-...