A Comparison Of Branching Diagrams Derived By Various Phenet Ic And Cladistic Methods

A Comparison of Branching Diagrams Derived by Various Phenetic and Cladistic Methods Author(s): Thomas Duncan, Raymond B. Phillips, Warren H. Wagner Jr. Source: Systematic Botany, Vol. 5, No. 3 (Jul. - Sep., 1980), pp. 264-293 Published by: American Society of Plant Taxonomists Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2418373 . Accessed: 18/02/2011 14:37
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Systematic Botany(1980) 5(3): pp. 264-293 ? Copyright1980 by the American Societyof Plant Taxonomists

A Comparison of Branching Diagrams Derived by Various Phenetic and Cladistic Methods
THOMAS DUNCAN of Department of Botany, University California, Berkeley,California 94720 RAYMOND B. PHILLIPS of Department of Botany and Microbiology, University Oklahoma,Norman, Oklahoma 73019 WARREN H. WAGNER JR. of Departmentof Botany, University Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 evolutionaryunits, ABSTRACT. Data for 20 binarycharactersfor 18 hypothetical members of "Dendrogrammaceae," have been analyzed using various phenetic and cladistic methods. Phenograms from single link, complete link, UPGMA, and WPGMA cluster analysis, shortestspanning tree diagrams, andcladograms from analyseswere congroundplan-divergence, Wagner tree,and charactercompatibility structed.The phenograms and cladograms derived from these analyses were compared withrespectto topologicaldistancematricesderived fromeach. Shortestspanning tree phenogramsand cladogramswere compared forthe number and sequence of character changes occurring on each. From these comparisons, the advantages ofand limitations each method as a means for expressingevolutionary relationships among organismsare discussed and a series of recommendationsis outlined. Each to method can contribute the developmentof an estimateof the evolutionary history for a group of organismsand no single method is best for such studies.

and differQuantitativemethods for the examination of similarities bioloences amongorganisms have been developed to assist systematic gists in assesssing relationships.These methods have usually been apoccurrence plied to morphological data, but geographical distribution, of chemical compounds, and genetic data have also been used. These of methods are operational interpretations two approaches to the forand the estimationof evolutionaryrelationmulation of classifications ships:pheneticsand cladistics.Phenetic methods summarize similarities and differences among organismswithoutconsiderationof the number and sequence of changes in characters that have occurred during the evolution of the group being studied (Colless 1967). Cladistic methods and differencesin terms of the number attemptto express similarities and sequence of characterchanges that have occurred during...