Digestive System

The Digestive System: Anatomy Review

1. List two main divisions of the digestive system.
a. Alimentary canal (gastrointestinal tract)
b. Accessory digestive organs
2. The four main layersof the digestive tract wall are
a. Mucosa
b. Submucosae
c. Muscularis externa
d. Serosa

Label the diagram below with the four main layers you listed in question 6.

3. The mucosaincludes a type of columnar ____cells____that forms the inner lining of the lumen
4. Blood and lymph vessels of the mucosa are found in its ___lamina___ ____propria___ connective tissue layer.
5.The smooth muscle layer of the mucosa is called the ____muscularis____ ____mucosae___.
6. The function of epithelial goblet cells is to secrete ____substances used in digestion____.
7.______enteroendocrine___ cells of the mucosa secrete hormones into the blood.
8. Absorption of nutrients occurs through the mucosal epithelium and into either __blood capillaries_____ or ___lymph_vessels.

9. Label the vessels you listed in question 13 in the diagram below.

10. The muscularis mucosa has both ________ and _______ fibers that function in moving the villi to aid indigestion and absorption.
11. The built-in (intrinsic) network of nerve cells in the submucosa is the __submucosal__ ___plexus___.
12. The two types of movements produced by contractions ofthe muscularis externa are _______peristalsis_____ and _______segmentation_____.
13. The network of neurons in between the two muscle layers of the muscularis externa is the ________myenteric__________plexus____.
14. The mouth, with its __stratified squamous epithelium, is involved in both chemical and ___food_ digestion.

15. List the four regions of the stomach:
a. cardia
b.fundus
c. body
d. pyloric region
16. List the three sheets of muscle in the stomach’s muscularis externa:
a. Longitudinal muscle layer
b. Circular muscle layer
c. Oblique muscle layer