Abogado

Chercher Charles Gaves ; jua kali (ortho incertaine)





Cracking the Next Growth Market :Africa, Harvard Business Rev. May 2011, p. 117



Le blocage historique des economies africaines, Emmanuel Moreira Carneiro, l’Harmattan



Pratiques informelles et solidarites en Afrique, Adolphe Munkulu Mbata, l’Harmattan







B. du Marais, Entre la Jamaïque et le Kiribati,quelques réflexions sur l'attractivité du droit français dans la compétition économique internationale, in Rapport public du Conseil d'Etat 2006, p. 377)















Ci dessous,

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SELF-EMPLOYMENT AND THE VERY SMALL BUSINESS

Elsewhere in this volume (see Small Business) are presented data on the so-called nonemployer businesses, labeled "the micros." In 2003,there were some 18.6 million such businesses grossing $830 billion in revenues, equivalent to $44,623 per entity. This number was twice as high as the 9.3 million self-employed persons in 2003—but also includes them. The self-employed, thus, are roughly half of the population of "micro" of business, the seedlings from which larger entities often emerge. But obviously many nonemployer businesses arealso operated "on the side" by people employed in ordinary jobs but doing some trading, producing, and service providing in their spare time: moonlighting, in other words. In 2001, 7.8 million people reported working at multiple jobs. Of these, 4.6 percent (359,000) told the BLS that they were doing this in order to build a business or to get experience—preparing, perhaps, to launch their ownoperations. Nonemployer businesses grew by 20.8 percent between 1997 and 2003; during the same period, total employment increased 7.3 percent and self-employment by 3.1 percent, losing share, in other words. Thus it is plain that the growth of seedling businesses is far less attributable to self-employment than to entrepreneurial activity.






The United States Supreme Court decided in Flemmingv. Nestor (1960) that no one has an accrued property right to benefits from Social Security.



U.S. Supreme Court

FLEMMING v. NESTOR, 363 U.S. 603 (1960)
363 U.S. 603
FLEMMING, SECRETARY OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE, v. NESTOR.
APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
No. 54. Argued February 24,1960. Decided June 20, 1960.| |
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|TITLE II--SMALL BUSINESS REGULATORY FAIRNESS|
|SEC. 201. SHORT TITLE. |
|This title may be cited as the "Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996". |
|SEC. 202. FINDINGS.|
|Congress finds that-- |
|(1) a vibrant and growing small business sector is critical to creating jobs in a dynamic economy; |
|(2) small businesses bear a disproportionate share of...