Ancient Rome

Civilización de Antigua Roma



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Index


1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pg 5
2. History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pg 7
2.1 Founding myth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pg 7
2.2 Monarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . pg 9
2.3 Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pg 10
2.4 Empire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pg 13
2.5 The fall of the Roman Empire. . . . . . pg 15
3. Society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pg 17
3.1 Class structure . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . pg 17
3.2 Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pg 19
3.3 Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pg 21
3.4 Military . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pg 23
3.5 Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pg 27
4. Culture . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pg 29
4.1 Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pg 29
4.2 Art, music and literature . . . . . . . . . . pg 31
4.3 Religion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pg 33
4.4 Science and technology . . . . . . . . . . . pg 37
4.5Entertainment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pg 41
4.6 Interesting facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pg 43
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pg 45
1. Introduction

Ancient Rome originated in the 8th century BC, along the Mediterranean Sea in the city of Rome, the Italian Peninsula.
The romancivilization changed from a monarchy to a republic and after that to an autocratic empire. It came to dominate Southern Europe, Western Europe, Balkans, Asia Minor, North Africa and parts of Eastern Europe, and by the end of the Republic, Rome had conquered from the Atlantic to Judaea and from the mouth of the Rhine to North Africa.
The Romans are still remembered today, including itsculture and history which has been exalted by great thinkers and philosophers such as Machiavelli, Rousseau and Nietzsche.
An important part in roman society is it’s highly developed in military and political skills. Rome professionalized its military class and created a system of government.
Troubled by internal instability and attacked by various migrating peoples, thewestern part of the empire broke up into independent kingdoms in the 5th century AD.



2. History


2.1 Founding myth


Romulus and Remus were twin brothers, sons of the god of war, Mars, and of Rhea Silvia, the daughter of a Latin king of Alba Longa. The brother of Numitor, gained access to the throne and tried to get rid of the heirs to the throne. Rhea Silvia had toabandon them in a basket on the river Tiber, but they didn’t drown and were raised by a bitch, an animal consecrated to Mars.
As they grew up they decided to found a city. The augurs appointed Romulus who would give the name to the new city, Rome, but Remus defied him and Romulus killed him.








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2.2 Monarchy


The city of Rome grew fromsettlements around the river Tiber, a crossroads of traffic and trade. It was probably founded sometime in the 8th century BC, though it may go back as far as the 10th century BC, by members of the Latin tribe of Italy, on the top of the Palatine Hill.
The Etruscans, who had previously settled to the north in Etruria, seemed to have established political control in the region by the...