Anime

Anime:
"Animé" redirects here. For the oleo-resin, see Animé (oleo-resin).

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Anime (アニメ?, [anime] ( listen); i/ˈænɨmeɪ/ or /ˈɑːnɨmeɪ/) is the Japanese abbreviated pronunciation of "animation." In English-speaking countries, anime refers to a style of animation originating in Japan, characterized by colorful graphics and often featuring themes intended for an adult audience.[1] The intended meaning of the word 'anime'sometimes varies, depending on the context.[2]
While the earliest known Japanese animation dates to 1917, and many original Japanese cartoons were produced in the ensuing decades, the characteristic anime style developed in the 1960s—notably with the work of Osamu Tezuka—and became known outside Japan in the 1980s.
Anime, like manga, has a large audience in Japan and recognition throughout theworld. Distributors can release anime via television broadcasts, directly to video, or theatrically, as well as online.
Both hand-drawn and computer-animated anime exist. It is used in television series, films,video, video games, commercials, and internet-based releases, and represents most, if not all, genres of fiction. As the market for anime increased in Japan, it also gained popularityin East and Southeast Asia. Anime is currently popular in many different regions around the world.
Contents  [hide]  * 1 History * 2 Terminology * 2.1 Word usage * 2.2 Synonyms * 3 Visual characteristics * 3.1 Character design * 3.1.1 Proportions * 3.1.2 Eye styles * 3.1.3 Facial expressions * 3.2 Animation technique * 3.3 Camera effects * 4 Storythemes * 5 Distribution * 5.1 Broadcasting * 5.2 Influence on world culture * 6 See also * 7 References * 8 External links |
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History
Main article: History of anime

A cel from the earliest known Japanese animated short from 1917.

Screenshot from Momotaro's Divine Sea Warriors (1944), the first feature-lengthanime film
Animebegan at the start of the 20th century, when Japanese filmmakers experimented with the animation techniques also pioneered in France, Germany, the United States, and Russia.[3] The oldest known anime in existence first screened in 1917 – a two-minute clip of a samurai trying to test a new sword on his target, only to suffer defeat.[4][5] Early pioneers included Shimokawa Oten, Jun'ichi Kouchi,and Seitarō Kitayama.[6]
By the 1930s animation became an alternative format of storytelling to the live-action industry in Japan. But it suffered competition from foreign producers and many animators, such asNoburō Ōfuji and Yasuji Murata still worked in cheaper cutout not cel animation, although with masterful results.[7] Other creators, such as Kenzō Masaoka and Mitsuyo Seo, nonetheless madegreat strides in animation technique, especially with increasing help from a government using animation in education and propaganda.[8] The first talkie anime wasChikara to Onna no Yo no Naka, produced by Masaoka in 1933.[9][10] The first feature length animated film was Momotaro's Divine Sea Warriors directed by Seo in 1945 with sponsorship by the Imperial Japanese Navy.[11]
The success...