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CHAPTER 1
BEGINNINGS TO 1763
EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA
Sec 1

EUROPEAN EXPLORATION
• The countries of Portugal, Spain, France and England explored in the late 1400s for God, Gold, andGlory
• Improved mapmaking, better sailboats, compasses, astrolabes, Prince Henry– all led to better exploration.


SPANISH NORTH AMERICA
• Columbus crosses the Atlantic in October of1492 and lands in San Salvador (“Holy Savior”)
• He spent about 3 months exploring Islands in the Bahamas
• Europeans used advanced weapons to force locals into labor: Plantation Systemdisease devastated Native population


IMPACT OF COLUMBUS
• On Africans- Before slave trade ended in the 1800s, 10 million Africans taken
• On Europeans- Biggest voluntary migration inworld history
• On Trade- Columbian Exchange meant new goods & products flowed between continents

The Columbian Biological Exchange
(Create chart of Biological, animal and plant exchangefrom PowerPoint)













SPAIN CLAIMS A NEW EMPIRE
• Spanish explorers (Conquistadors) seized much of the Americas
• Cortes conquered the Aztecs in Mexico
• Pizzaroconquered the Incas in Peru
• Exploitation of local populations was significant – Encomienda System

SPAIN EXPLORES SOUTHWEST AND WESTERN AMERICA
• Mid-1500s, Spain explored much of whatis today the SW & West of the USA
• New Mexico settled by Spanish priest who converted Natives (Pueblos)
• Texas area had 30 expeditions in 16th century
• California was site ofnumerous missions






EARLY BRITISH COLONIES
• Beginning in the early 1600s, the English established colonies along the eastern coast of North America
• 1607: Jamestown was first tobe settled
• John Smith led this group of settlers
• Colony struggled at first, then was saved by Tobacco crop


PURITANS CREATE A “NEW ENGLAND
• The 16th century Reformation...