Elniso

Insight Report

The Global
Competitiveness Report
2012–2013
Klaus Schwab, World Economic Forum

Insight Report

The Global
Competitiveness Report
2012–2013
Full Data Edition

Professor Klaus Schwab
World Economic Forum
Editor
Professor Xavier Sala-i-Martín
Columbia University
Chief Advisor of The Global Benchmarking Network

The Global Competitiveness Report 2012–20013:Full Data Edition is published by the World Economic
Forum within the framework of The Global
Benchmarking Network.

World Economic Forum
Geneva

Professor Klaus Schwab
Executive Chairman

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, or otherwisewithout the prior permission
of the World Economic Forum.

Professor Xavier Sala-i-Martín
Chief Advisor of The Global Benchmarking Network
Børge Brende
Managing Director, Government Relations and
Constituents Engagement

THE GLOBAL BENCHMARKING NETWORK

Jennifer Blanke, Senior Director,
Lead Economist, Head of The Global
Benchmarking Network
Beñat Bilbao-Osorio, Associate Director,Senior Economist
Ciara Browne, Associate Director
Roberto Crotti, Quantitative Economist
Margareta Drzeniek Hanouz, Director, Senior
Economist, Head of Competitiveness Research
Brindusa Fidanza, Associate Director,
Environmental Initiatives
Thierry Geiger, Associate Director, Economist
Tania Gutknecht, Community Manager
Caroline Ko, Junior Economist
Cecilia Serin, Team Coordinator

We thankHope Steele for her excellent editing work and
Neil Weinberg for his superb graphic design and layout.
We are grateful to Annabel Guinault for her invaluable
research assistance.
The terms country and nation as used in this report do
not in all cases refer to a territorial entity that is a state
as understood by international law and practice. The
terms cover well-defined, geographicallyself-contained
economic areas that may not be states but for which
statistical data are maintained on a separate and
independent basis.

Copyright © 2012
by the World Economic Forum

ISBN-13: 978-92-95044-35-7
ISBN-10: 92-95044-35-5
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and
made from fully managed and sustained forest sources.
Printed and bound in Switzerland bySRO-Kundig.
The Report and an interactive data platform are available
at www.weforum.org/gcr.

Contents

Partner Institutes
Preface

v
xiii

by Klaus Schwab

Part 2: Data Presentation

79

2.1 Country/Economy Profiles

81

How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles ..................................83
Index of Countries/Economies........................................................85
Country/Economy Profiles ..............................................................86

Part 1: Measuring Competitiveness
1.1 The Global Competitiveness Index
2012–2013: Strengthening Recovery by
Raising Productivity

1
3

2.2 Data Tables

375

How to Read the Data Tables .......................................................377
Index of Data Tables.....................................................................379
Data Tables ..................................................................................381

by Xavier Sala-i-Martín, Beñat Bilbao-Osorio, Jennifer

Technical Notes and Sources

519

About the Authors

523

Acknowledgments

Blanke, Roberto Crotti, Margareta Drzeniek Hanouz,

527

Thierry Geiger, and Caroline Ko

1.2Assessing the Sustainable Competitiveness
of Nations

49

by Beñat Bilbao-Osorio, Jennifer Blanke, Roberto Crotti,
Margareta Drzeniek Hanouz, Brindusa Fidanza, Thierry
Geiger, Caroline Ko, and Cecilia Serin

1.3 The Executive Opinion Survey: The Voice
of the Business Community

69

by Ciara Browne, Thierry Geiger, and Tania Gutknecht

The Global Competitiveness Report 2012–2013 | iii...