Enlightment
Páginas: 8 (1844 palabras)
Publicado: 9 de diciembre de 2012
Name_____Paola Garcia____ Mrs.Montes
Guided Reading Questions AP European History
CHAPTER 24: The Age of Enlightenment
Formative Influences on the Enlightenment
1. How did the Enlightenment change basic Western attitudes toward reform, faith, and reason?
By making people think using reason above everything and turning them more secular.
2. Whatwere the major formative influences on the philosophes?
The Philosophes believed that the application of the scientific method, logic, and reason to the human world would solve the political, social, economic, and cultural problems of the day.
3. Why was Voltaire the most influential of the philosophes?
Because he was the first philosopher and his works were very powerful. Hecriticized the church and the government. Through his writings, Voltaire, brought to light such issues as censorship (much of his work was banned and he denied authorship of some for fear of persecution), the use of torture to illicit confessions, the absence of trials by jury, the fact that there was no single, uniform code of law, and that judicial appointments were sold to the highest bidder.The Enlightenment and Religion
1. Why did the philosophes consider organized religion to be their greatest enemy?
Because they believed it stood in the way of the fight and the thoughts that philosophers wanted to build in people.
2. What were the basic tenets of deism?
• No need for worship
• Rejection of Prophets
• Rejection of Supernatural Events
•Methods of Understanding God
3. How did Jewish writers contribute to Enlightenment thinking about religion?
The Jewish writers influenced many philosophers of the Enlightenment in the way of thinking and intellectual beliefs.
4. What are the similarities and differences between the Enlightenment evaluation of Islam and its evaluations of Christianity and Judaism?
Christiansviewed Islam as a false religion and its founder Muhammad as an imposter. There were philosophers negative on Islam and few positive on Islam.
The Enlightenment and Society
1. How did the views of the mercantilists about the earth’s resources differ from those of Adam Smith in his book The Wealth of Nations?
Smith Argued best way to economic growth is for people to pursue theirown selfish self-interests. Smith was arguing in opposition to the system of mercantilism under which the government exercised a great deal of control over economic life.
2. Why might Smith be regarded as an advocate of the consumer?
Because Smith protested the special interests assisted by governments that benefited at the expense of the general public.
3. How did his theoryof history work to the detriment of less economically advanced non-European peoples?
By making non-European people have more difficulties in economic because if money is now handed by people and not the government, then poor people will have to work for these private companies that can be corruptive or monopoly.
Political Thought of the Philosophes
1. How did the political views ofMontesquieu differ from those of Rousseau?
Montesquieu believed that the type of government, whether monarchy or republic, most depended upon the type of country and that factors like population, religion, economic conditions, traditions, and climate played a role in the suitability of a certain type of political institution. Rousseau argued that people could be insignificant and evil without thebonds of society to shape them. He believed that instead of seeking freedom by pulling away from the law, one should follow it more closely. The law itself should be created by a consensus of the people.
2. Was Montesquieu’s view of England accurate? Explain.
Montesquieu advocated that state power be divided into a legislative, an executive and a judicial power and that these...
Guided Reading Questions AP European History
CHAPTER 24: The Age of Enlightenment
Formative Influences on the Enlightenment
1. How did the Enlightenment change basic Western attitudes toward reform, faith, and reason?
By making people think using reason above everything and turning them more secular.
2. Whatwere the major formative influences on the philosophes?
The Philosophes believed that the application of the scientific method, logic, and reason to the human world would solve the political, social, economic, and cultural problems of the day.
3. Why was Voltaire the most influential of the philosophes?
Because he was the first philosopher and his works were very powerful. Hecriticized the church and the government. Through his writings, Voltaire, brought to light such issues as censorship (much of his work was banned and he denied authorship of some for fear of persecution), the use of torture to illicit confessions, the absence of trials by jury, the fact that there was no single, uniform code of law, and that judicial appointments were sold to the highest bidder.The Enlightenment and Religion
1. Why did the philosophes consider organized religion to be their greatest enemy?
Because they believed it stood in the way of the fight and the thoughts that philosophers wanted to build in people.
2. What were the basic tenets of deism?
• No need for worship
• Rejection of Prophets
• Rejection of Supernatural Events
•Methods of Understanding God
3. How did Jewish writers contribute to Enlightenment thinking about religion?
The Jewish writers influenced many philosophers of the Enlightenment in the way of thinking and intellectual beliefs.
4. What are the similarities and differences between the Enlightenment evaluation of Islam and its evaluations of Christianity and Judaism?
Christiansviewed Islam as a false religion and its founder Muhammad as an imposter. There were philosophers negative on Islam and few positive on Islam.
The Enlightenment and Society
1. How did the views of the mercantilists about the earth’s resources differ from those of Adam Smith in his book The Wealth of Nations?
Smith Argued best way to economic growth is for people to pursue theirown selfish self-interests. Smith was arguing in opposition to the system of mercantilism under which the government exercised a great deal of control over economic life.
2. Why might Smith be regarded as an advocate of the consumer?
Because Smith protested the special interests assisted by governments that benefited at the expense of the general public.
3. How did his theoryof history work to the detriment of less economically advanced non-European peoples?
By making non-European people have more difficulties in economic because if money is now handed by people and not the government, then poor people will have to work for these private companies that can be corruptive or monopoly.
Political Thought of the Philosophes
1. How did the political views ofMontesquieu differ from those of Rousseau?
Montesquieu believed that the type of government, whether monarchy or republic, most depended upon the type of country and that factors like population, religion, economic conditions, traditions, and climate played a role in the suitability of a certain type of political institution. Rousseau argued that people could be insignificant and evil without thebonds of society to shape them. He believed that instead of seeking freedom by pulling away from the law, one should follow it more closely. The law itself should be created by a consensus of the people.
2. Was Montesquieu’s view of England accurate? Explain.
Montesquieu advocated that state power be divided into a legislative, an executive and a judicial power and that these...
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