Grammar Reference

GRAMMAR REFERENCE
A continuación vas a encontrar una serie de referencias gramat icales que te
ayudaran a recordar todos aquellos aspectos básicos del idioma Ingles. Para que
cuando realices tus simulacros o cuestionarios sepas a donde te tienes que dirigir
para reforzar esos pequeños detalles que hasta el momento no te han permitido
obtener un mejor resultado.
Verb to be

AffirmativeI´m
You´re
He´s
She´s
It´s
We´re
They´re

Am
Is
Are

(I am)
(you are)
(he is)
(she is)
(it is)
(we are)
(they are)
I
You
He
She
it
we
you
they

Questions

Negative

Am I?
Are you?
Is he?
Is she?
Is it?
Are we?
Are they?

I´m not
(I am not)
You aren’t (you are not)
He isn’t
(he is not)
She isn’t
(she is not)
It isn’t
(it is not)
We aren’t
(we are not)They aren’t (they are not)

Yes
from England?
No,

I
You
He
She
it
we
you
they

am
are
is
am not
aren’t
isn’t

Indefinite article

a / an

W e use a before a consonant.

a

ticket
doctor
chair
table
newspaper
magazine

an

Possessive adjectives
What’s

This is

Name?
My
Your
His
Her
Its
Our
Your
Their

W e use an before a vowel.Motorcycle.

What’s = What is

apple.
elephant.
artist.
egg.
English
dictionary.

Plural nouns
Most nouns add –s in the plural
Stamp
Stamps
key
Keys
camera
Cameras
table
tables

If the noun ends in –s, -ss, -sh, or –ch, add –es.
bus
buses
class
classes
wish
wishes
match
matches

If the noun ends in a consonant + -y, the y changes to –ies.
country
Countries
party
partiesstudy
studies

But if the noun ends in a vowel + -y, the y doesn’t change.
play
plays
day
days
key
keys

Some nouns are irregular.
Child
children
man
men
woman
women
person
people

There is / There are
Positive
is
There

are

a house.
three windows

Singular
plural

Negative
Isn’t
There

An armchair.

Aren’t

Any trees.

Yes/not questions

Isplural

Short answers

a table?
There

Are

Singular

any photographs?

Yes, there is.
No, there isn’t.
Yes, there are.
No there aren’t.

SOME /ANY
Positive
There are some flowers.

Some + plural noun

Negative
There aren’t any cups.

Any + plural noun

Questions
Are there any books?

Any + plural noun

THIS, THAT / THESE, THOSE

We use this and these to talk aboutpeople/ things that are near to us.
I like this book.
I want these shoes.

We use that and those to talk about people/ things that aren’t near to us.
Do you like that house on the picture?
Who are those people in the river?

Prepositions

Present Simple he, she, it

Affirmative
I
Start
YOU
WE
THEY
HE
starts
SHE
IT

at 9 am.

Questions
Do
I
YOU
WE
THEY
Does HE
SHEIT

Start at 9 am?

Negative
I
don’t
YOU
(do not)
WE
THEY
HE
doesn´t
SHE
(does not)
IT

Spelling of the third person singular.
1.

Most verbs add –s in the third person singular
Like
Likes
Play
Plays
Get
Gets
Speak
speaks
But go and do are different. They add –es.
Go
Goes
Do
Does
2. If the verb ends in –s, -ss -sh, or –ch, add -es
Kiss
Kisses
Finish
FinishesWatch
watches
3. If the verb ends in a consonant + -y, the y changes to –ies.
Fly
Flies
study
Studies
But if the verb ends in a vowel +-y the y does not change.
Play
Plays
sa y
Says
4.
Have is irregular.
Have
Has

Start at 9 am.

Present Continuous


The Present Continuous describes an activity happening now.

She’s wearing jeans. I’m studying English


It alsodescribes an activity in the near future.

I’m playing tennis this afternoon. Janeth’s seeing her boyfriend tonight.
Affirmative
I’m
You’re
He’s
She’s
It’s
We’re
You’re
They’re

Questions

Negative

Am I
Working
Dancing
Jumping
Smoking

is

Are

He
She
it
We
You
they

Working?
Dancing?
Jumping?
Smoking?

I’m not
He
She
it
We
You
they

Isn’t

Working....