Ingles

The articles
Something that has been

I've got a dog

mentioned before

What's the dog's name?

There is only one in that

The

The Queen has been in NY

context
The speaker and listener both The film was really good!
know about
With superlative constructions She's the fastest runner in Europe
With adjectives used as

There's one law for the rich and

nouns referring togroups of

another for the poor

people

The Alps, the Thames, the Atlantic
Names of oceans, rivers,

the U.S, the U.K, the West Indies

s eas...
Some countries and islands
A / An

Refer something at the 1st

I've got a dog

time

Can I have a drink please? Tee, coffee,
Refer to a person or thing

beer, I don't mind

(not specific)

Alan is a telephone engineer
Refer to aperson job

a hundred, a million
Numbers
-

Plural countable nouns

- International footballers are paid too...

Uncountable nouns

He used to drink – beer, but now he
drinks only – water.
- New York, - Texas, - Greece

Names of towns, cities,
s tates...

Suzy went into – hospital yesterday
1

Nouns for certain places and On deck, at home, on holiday, to
s ituationschurch, at school

Afford, agree, arrange, ask,

I can't afford to go on holiday this year

The infinitive
After certain verbs

appear, attempt, choose,
decide, expect, help, hope,
intend, learn, manage, need,
offer, pretend, promise,
refuse, seem
After certain

Amazed, certain, difficult,

adjectives

The recipe is easy to follow

disappointed, easy, free, glad,
happy, likely,pleased,
possible, simple, sure,
s urprised

Gerund: verbs that behave like nouns
Subject of a

Eating out can be expensive

sentence
Object of a sentence My brother enjoys fishing but he hates not catching anything
After verbs

Expressing like or dislikes

I don't enjoy seeing you like this

Admit, appreciate, avoid, can't Have you considered buying a new
help, consider, delay,deny,

one?

finish, forgive, give up,
imagine, involve, keep, mind,
miss, postpone, put off,
prevent, report, resist, risk,
s uggest
After all prepos itions except

On opening the letter, she realized it

to

After prepositions

wasn't for her

After verb +

Apologize for, arrest someone My little brother insisted on coming

preposition

for, be/get used to,

with me2

congratulate someone on,
insist on, look forward to,
object to, succeed in, warn
s omeone about
After adjective +
preposition

I'm interested in applying for the job

Nervous/worried about
Bad/good/clever/skilled at
Sorry/responsible for
Interested in
Bored with
C apable/afraid/frightened/terr
ified of

Gerund or infinitive
No change of

Jeff continued to smoke despitethe

Start, begin, continue

doctor's advice

meaning

Jeff continued smoking despite the …
Slight change of

G erund: general statements,

Mary prefers eating out to eating at

meaning

emphasis on the enjoyment

home

Like, prefer, hate, love (not) of the action
Infinitive: specific statements, Jane prefers to eat out because there's
where extra info is given

no washingup to do

Change of meaning

TRY

Try going to bed earlier and see if that

Try, stop, regret,

G erund: to achieve an

helps

remember, forget, go

objective

on

Infinitive: to attempt a

Jill has been trying to get a job since

difficult action

s he left school, but with no success

STOP
G erund: to finish an activity

Stop talking and go on with your job!Infinitive: to interrupt one

Roger stopped to have a cup of tea

actv in order to do another
3

REGRET
G erund: to be sorry about an Many people regret marrying young
action in the past
Infinitive: to be sorry about

Taylor regrets to say that he is unable

what you are going to say

to see patients without an appointment

FORGET / REMEMBER
G erund: to (not) recall an

I...