Jajajajajajajaja

Monsoon

Monsoon clouds over Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.

An isolated thunderstorm rolls through Wah Wah Valley, Utah. This type of monsoonal pattern is very common in the late summer of the southwest US.
Monsoon is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by seasonal changes in precipitation,[1] but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation andprecipitation.[2] The major monsoon systems of the world consist of the West African and Asia-Australian monsoons. The inclusion of the North and South American monsoons with incomplete wind reversal may be debated.
The term was first used in English in British India (now India, Bangladesh and Pakistan) and neighbouring countries to refer to the big seasonal winds blowing from the Bay of Bengal andArabian Sea in the southwest bringing heavy rainfall to the area.[3] In hydrology, monsoon rainfall is considered to be that which occurs in any region that receives the majority of its rain during a particular season. This allows other regions of the world to qualify as monsoon regions.[4]
Etymology and definition
The English monsoon came from Portuguese monção, ultimately from Arabic mawsim"season", "perhaps partly via early modern Dutch monsun" The Arabic-origin word mausam is also the word for "weather" in Hindi, Urdu, and several other North Indian languages The definition includes major wind systems that change direction seasonally.
Most summer monsoons have a dominant westerly component and a strong tendency to ascend and produce copious amounts of rain (because of thecondensation of water vapor in the rising air). The intensity and duration, however, are not uniform from year to year. Winter monsoons, by contrast, have a dominant easterly component and a strong tendency to diverge, subside and cause drought
History
Strengthening of the Asian monsoon has been linked to the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau after the collision of the Indian sub-continent and Asia around50 million years ago.[8] Many geologists believe the monsoon first became strong around 8 million years ago based on records from the Arabian Sea and the record of wind-blown dust in the Loess Plateau of China. More recently, plant fossils in China and new long-duration sediment records from the South China Sea led to a timing of the monsoon starting 15-20 million years ago and linked to earlyTibetan uplift.[9] Testing of this hypothesis awaits deep ocean sampling by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program The monsoon has varied significantly in strength since this time, largely linked to global climate change, especially the cycle of the Pleistocene ice ages Timing of the monsoon strengthening of the Indian Monsoon of around 5 million years ago was suggested due to an interval of closing ofthe Indonesian Seaway to cold thermocline waters passage from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean which is believed to have resulted in an increased sea surface temperature in the Indian Ocean, which increased gyral circulation and then caused an increased intensity of the monsoon Sinha et al. (2006) identified five episodes during the Quaternary at 2.22 Ma (PL-1), 1.83 Ma (PL-2), 0.68 Ma (PL-3),0.45 Ma (PL-4) and 0.04 Ma (PL-5), of weakening of Leeuwin Current (LC) and postulated that the weakening of the LC would have an effect on the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the Indian Ocean, as the Indonesian throughflow generally warms the Indian Ocean. Thus these five intervals could probably be those of considerable lowering of SST in the Indian Ocean and would definitely have influencedIndian monsoon intensity. They (Sinha et al., 2006) stated that that during the weak LC there is the possibility of reduced intensity of Indian winter monsoon and strong summer monsoon, because of change in the Indian Ocean dipole due to reduction in net heat input to the Indian Ocean through the Indonesian throughflow. Thus a better understanding of the possible links between El Niño, Western...