Java notes 6

Introduction to Programming Using Java
Version 6.0, June 2011

David J. Eck
Hobart and William Smith Colleges

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c 1996–2011, David J. Eck
David J. Eck (eck@hws.edu) Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Hobart and William Smith Colleges Geneva, NY 14456 This book can be distributed in unmodified form for non-commercial purposes. Modified versions can be made and distributedfor non-commercial purposes provided they are distributed under the same license as the original. More specifically: This work is licensed under the Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/. Other uses require permission from the author. The web site for this book is:http://math.hws.edu/javanotes

Contents
Preface 1 The Mental Landscape 1.1 Machine Language . . . . . . 1.2 Asynchronous Events . . . . . 1.3 The Java Virtual Machine . . 1.4 Building Blocks of Programs 1.5 Object-oriented Programming 1.6 The Modern User Interface . 1.7 The Internet and Beyond . . Quiz on Chapter 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii 1 1 3 6 8 10 13 15 18 19 19 22 23 24 27 28 29 33 35 36 37 38 39 42 43 45 46 47 47 48 49 50 50 51 52

2 Names and Things 2.1 The Basic Java Application . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Variables and Types . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 2.2.1 Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.2 Types and Literals . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.3 Variables in Programs . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Objects and Subroutines . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.1 Built-in Subroutines and Functions . . 2.3.2 Operations on Strings . . . . . . . . . 2.3.3 Introduction to Enums . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Text Input and Output . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.1 AFirst Text Input Example . . . . . . 2.4.2 Text Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.3 TextIO Input Functions . . . . . . . . 2.4.4 Formatted Output . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.5 Introduction to File I/O . . . . . . . . 2.4.6 Using Scanner for Input . . . . . . . . 2.5 Details of Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5.1 Arithmetic Operators . . . . . . . . . 2.5.2 Increment and Decrement . . .. . . . 2.5.3 Relational Operators . . . . . . . . . . 2.5.4 Boolean Operators . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5.5 Conditional Operator . . . . . . . . . 2.5.6 Assignment Operators and Type-Casts 2.5.7 Type Conversion of Strings . . . . . . 2.5.8 Precedence Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

iv 2.6 Programming Environments . . . . . 2.6.1 Java Development Kit . . . . 2.6.2 Command Line Environment...