Wgs84

Version 2.4 February 12, 1998

WGS 84 IMPLEMENTATION MANUAL

Prepared by

EUROCONTROL European Organization for the Safety of Air Navigation Brussels, Belgium and IfEN Institute of Geodesy and Navigation (IfEN) University FAF Munich, Germany

Foreword

i

FOREWORD
1. The Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), at the thirteenth meeting of its 126th Sessionon 3 March 1989, approved Recommendation 3.2/1 of the fourth meeting of the Special Committee on Future Air Navigation Systems (FANS/4) concerning the adoption of the World Geodetic System - 1984 (WGS 84) as the standard geodetic reference system for future navigation with respect to international civil aviation. FANS/4 Recommendation 3.2/1 reads: "Recommendation 3.2/1 - Adoption of WGS 84 ThatICAO adopts, as a standard, the geodetic reference system WGS 84 and develops appropriate ICAO material, particularly in respect of Annexes 4 and 15, in order to ensure a rapid and comprehensive implementation of the WGS 84 geodetic reference system. " 2. The ICAO Council at the ninth meeting of its 141st Session, on 28 February 1994, adopted amendment 28 to Annex 15. Consequential amendments toAnnexes 4, 11 and 14, Volume I and II will be adopted by the Council in due course. The Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPS) in Annexes 11 and 14, Volumes I and II govern the determination and reporting of the geographical coordinates in terms of WGS 84 geodetic reference system. Annexes 4 and 15 SARPS govern the publication of information in graphic and textual form. The States' aeronauticalinformation service department will publish in Aeronautical Information Publications (AIP), on charts and in electronic data base where applicable, geographical coordinate values based on WGS 84 which are supplied by the other State aeronautical services, i.e. the air traffic services department and the aerodrome engineering department. The purpose of this manual is to furnish guidance in theprovision of geographical coordinates referenced to the WGS 84 datum in order to assist States in the uniform implementation of the SARPS on WGS 84.

3.

Table of Contents

ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION i ii iv vii viii 1 1 3 4 5 6 7 9 12 13 13 15 17 18 21 24 27 27

1.1 Effects of using differingcoordinate reference systems in aviation 1.2 Magnitude of the problem 1.3 Navigational implications 1.4 Approved solution to the problem 1.5 Purpose of the manual CHAPTER 2 ACCURACY CONSIDERATIONS OF POINTS IN AVIATION

2.1 Type and classification 2.2 Requirements CHAPTER 3 THE GLOBAL WGS 84 COORDINATE SYSTEM

3.1 Definition of the WGS 84 coordinate system 3.2 Realization of the WGS 84 coordinatesystem CHAPTER 4 A GUIDE TO GET WGS 84 COORDINATES

4.1 Case 1: Coordinates in a local reference frame are available 4.2 Case 2: No (sufficiently accurate) coordinates are available 4.3 Case 3: Digitized coordinates from maps are available CHAPTER 5 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND INTEGRITY

5.1 Quality Definitions

Table of Contents

iii

5.2 QA implementation 5.3 Integrity CHAPTER 6 DELIVERABLES30 34 38 38 39 41 48 55 64

6.1 Survey Reporting Requirements 6.2 A basic reporting structure 6.3 Formats, Standard Algorithms and Working Practices 6.4 Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) APPENDIX A THE GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) APPENDIX B PRINCIPLES OF GEODESY

APPENDIX C THE INTERNATIONAL TERRESTRIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM (ITRS) 77 APPENDIX D THE EUROPEAN TERRESTRIAL REFERENCE FRAME (ETRF)APPENDIX E DATUM TRANSFORMATION FORMULAS APPENDIX F SURVEYING AND PHOTOGRAMMETRIC METHODS APPENDIX G MAP PROJECTIONS APPENDIX H SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE REFERENCES INDEX 78 80 86 92 103 110 113

List of Acronyms

iv

LIST OF ACRONYMS
A-S AIP AIS AOC AOC ARINC Anti-Spoofing Aeronautical Information Publications Aeronautical Information Service Airport Obstruction Chart Auxiliary Output Chip...