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Chapter One: Introduction
ANATOMICAL POSITION AND TERMS OF DIRECTION
When studying the human body it is important to place the body in anatomical position. Anatomical position is described as the body facing you, feet placed together and flat on the floor. The head is held erect, arms straight by the side with palms facing forward. All references to the body are made as if the body is in thisposition so when you describe something as being above something else it is always with respect to the body being in anatomical position. The relative position of the parts of the human body has specific terms. Superior means above while inferior means below. Medial refers to being close to the midline while lateral means to the side. Anterior or ventral is to the front while posterior or dorsal isto the back. Superficial is near the surface while deep means to the core of the body. When working with the limbs, proximal means closer to the trunk while distal is to the ends of the extremities. Write the directional terms in the spaces provided and color in the arrows in reference to these terms. Note that these terms are somewhat different for four legged animals.

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Answer Key: a. Superior, b. Inferior,

c. Lateral, d. Medial, e. Proximal, f. Distal, g. Anatomical position, h Posterior, i. Anterior, j. Dorsal,
k. Ventral

Chapter One Introduction

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ANATOMICAL PLANES OF THE BODY
Many specimens in anatomy are sectioned so that the interior of the organ or region can be examined. It is important that the direction of the cut is known so that the proper orientation of the specimen is known. A heart looks very different if it is cut along its length as opposed to horizontally. A horizontal cut is known as atransverse section or a cross section. A cut that divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior parts is a coronal section or frontal section. One that divides the structure into left and right parts is a sagittal section. If the body is divided directly down the middle the section is known as a midsagittal section. A midsagittal section is usually reserved for dividing the body into to equalleft and right parts. If an organ (such as the eye) is sectioned into two equal parts such that there is a left and right half then this is known as a median section. Label the illustrations and color in the appropriate planes.

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Answer Key: a. Frontal (coronal) plane, b. Transverse (cross-section) plane, c. Median (midsagittal) plane

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HIERARCHY OF THE BODY
The human body can be studied at different levels. Organs such as the stomach can be grouped into organ systems (digestive system) or can be studied on a smaller scale like the cellular level. The ranking of these levels is called a hierarchy. The smallest organizational unit is the atom. Individual atoms are grouped into largerstructures called molecules.

These in turn make up organelles, which are part of a larger, more complicated systems called cells. Cells are the structural and functional units of life. Cells are clustered into tissues. Organs are discreet units made up of two or more tissues and organs are grouped into organ systems that compose the organism. Label the levels of the hierarchy and color each item adifferent color.

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Answer Key: a. Organism (human), b. Organ system (respiratory system) c. Organ (lung), d. Tissue (epithelium), e. Organelle (cilia), f. Molecule, g.Atom, h. cells

Chapter One

Introduction

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REGIONS OF THE ABDOMEN
In anatomy the abdomen is divided into nine regions. Write the names of...