Biotechnology

Biotechnology
Classic and Modern
Bio-223

Professor: Manuel Aquino
Integrants: Adrian X. Collazo Santiago
Bibiana Menéndez-Conde Escobar
Rafael PaniaguaBiotechnology is the science that use the genetic and biochemist of microorganisms to produce certain chemical compounds which are valuables to satisfy necessities nutritional and human health.
Thebiotechnology always existed since prehistoric period, for example to make bread with yeast or make vinegar from fermented juice. With the passage of the years, the biotechnology continued beingdeveloped, before 2000BC it was applied in the cultivation of wine, in 1857 Pasteur described the fermentation of lactic acid, in 1928 Fleming discovered the penicillin and from about 1945 other antibioticwere discovered. It is called classic biotechnology. Classic biotechnology deals with the application of organisms for the production of cheese, yoghurt, wine or bread.
Other group of biotechnologyis the modern, which applies methods and techniques of genetic engineering to obtain a new product, to improve quality in the industry. The advances in the modern biotechnology are based on informationcoming from basic and advanced research in molecular biology and genetics The era of the modern biotechnology started in the 50s when the structure of DNA was discovered. Quickly thousands ofproducts based on this technology came on the market
More than 65% of biotech companies in the US are involved in pharmaceutical production. In 1982 Genentech developed Humulin (human insulin) to treatdiabetes. Near of 50% of new drugs target cancer

People in biotechnology:
1- Zacharias Janssen: Discovered the principle of the compound microscope in 1590
2- Gregor Mendel: Formulated basiclaws of heredity during mid 1800’s. largely ignored for 34 years.
3- Thomas Hunt Morgan: Nobel Peace Prize in 1933 for research in gene theory
4- Alexander Fleming: Discovered penicillin in...