Calques

CALQUES

LEIDY DAYANA GARCÍA RODRIGUEZ

MINUTO DE DIOS UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF EDUCACION
BACHELOR IN ENGLISH FOREIGN LANGUAGE
BOGOTÁ
2012

CALQUES

LEIDY DAYANA GARCÍA RODRIGUEZ

Research about calques

JEAN CASTELLANOS

MINUTO DE DIOS UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF EDUCACION
BACHELOR IN ENGLISH FOREIGN LANGUAGE
BOGOTÁ
2012

INTRODUCTION

This work was made with the purpose of findor know more information about calques also because I find this topic very interesting for to investigate, besides because it is important to know well the language varieties for our knowledge and for our studies. In this work I talked about studies make in the last five years I was looking for some information in the internet and some books and I found that this topic is more interesting than Ibelieved.

OBJECTIVES

* To learn how identify calques in a language
* To explain calques its concept and its types
* To show some of them and say examples of calques in languages

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Around the world, people's interactions imply a language’s exchange. These exchanges have created several linguistic phenomena; a lexical transfer of items from one language toanother. This research has focused on the issue of linguistic borrowing and its many varieties (loan, foreignness, lexical calque, semantic borrowing, hybrid.....), and it will try to clarify the terminological and conceptual confusion that always accompany this part as marginalized from linguistics.

In a real context, to understand ancient texts and books, translation is used as a tool forunderstanding of dead languages. It can be deduced that, this is one of the most notorious linguistic phenomena in the acquisition and understanding of a specific language. It is known as calque.

Calque is nothing more than a mechanism for receiving language interpretation, by synthesis and by existing units in the language of an element having the same structural articulation and the samemotivation foreign model semantics; a "literal translation" without changing the meaning and signifier of a taken element. In that order, it is understood that, calque is a tool of understanding of words, allowing an exchange of ideas, but it does not change the original meaning of a linguistic element in another context than its own.

The phenomenon of the tracing in linguistics has variety instructure, and is where many characterizations are obtained depending at the moment its interaction to interpret words in different Idiomatic contexts.

Literal calque: each element is translated literally from the original language, to the closest word to another language. (ing...skyscraper....sp... rascacielos).

Approximately calque: different of literal, it is less approximate than the firstone, because, just one part of the original model is translated, the last part is conditioned to another language conditions. It is proposed the following classification of approximate calques:
-asymmetric calque: one part of the translation is free, and the other one is literally (ing...come down ‘venir abajo'... sp.... bajar).

-expanded calques: it is the opposite. a simple word isexpanded to a compound.( ing...boom sp...Auge subito).
Free calque: it is the most indepent type, because it respects the original concept, but it makes a free concept to another language (eng...Software....sp soporte logico. It is not the real translation for that word; it is just the coupled word).
So, calque became the main tool in the communication and comprehension media of differentlanguages' elements. it can contribute in customs and adaptation ways, when someone tries to couple a new language. It can help to enrich the vocabulary of the addressee language.

Calques can make growing up the nation's interaction because of its exchanging importance in linguistic researches and studies. Several linguistics discoveries have been made, each time linguistic experts research he...