Darby Mecanica De Fluidos. Inglés

ISBN: 0-8247-0444-4 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Headquarters Marcel Dekker, Inc. 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 tel: 212-696-9000; fax: 212-685-4540 Eastern Hemisphere Distribution Marcel Dekker AG Hutgasse 4, Postfach 812, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland tel: 41-61-261-8482; fax: 41-61-261-8896 World Wide Web http://www.dekker.com The publisher offers discounts on this book whenordered in bulk quantities. For more information, write to Special Sales/Professional Marketing at the headquarters address above. Copyright # 2001 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage andretrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Current printing (last digit): 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Preface

The objectives of this book are twofold: (1) for the student, to show how the fundamental principles underlying the behavior of fluids (with emphasis on one-dimensional macroscopic balances) can be applied in an organized andsystematic manner to the solution of practical engineering problems, and (2) for the practicing engineer, to provide a ready reference of current information and basic methods for the analysis of a variety of problems encountered in practical engineering situations. The scope of coverage includes internal flows of Newtonian and nonNewtonian incompressible fluids, adiabatic and isothermal compressibleflows (up to sonic or choking conditions), two-phase (gas–liquid, solid– liquid, and gas–solid) flows, external flows (e.g., drag), and flow in porous media. Applications include dimensional analysis and scale-up, piping systems with fittings for Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids (for unknown driving force, unknown flow rate, unknown diameter, or most economical diameter), compressible pipe flows up tochoked flow, flow measurement and control, pumps, compressors, fluid-particle separation methods (e.g.,
iii

iv

Preface

centrifugal, sedimentation, filtration), packed columns, fluidized beds, sedimentation, solids transport in slurry and pneumatic flow, and frozen and flashing two-phase gas–liquid flows. The treatment is from the viewpoint of the process engineer, who is concerned with equipmentoperation, performance, sizing, and selection, as opposed to the details of mechanical design or the details of flow patterns in such situations. For the student, this is a basic text for a first-level course in process engineering fluid mechanics, which emphasizes the systematic application of fundamental principles (e.g., macroscopic mass, energy, and momentum balances and economics) to the analysisof a variety of fluid problems of a practical nature. Methods of analysis of many of these operations have been taken from the recent technical literature, and have not previously been available in textbooks. This book includes numerous problems that illustrate these applications at the end of each chapter. For the practicing engineer, this book serves as a useful reference for the workingequations that govern many applications of practical interest, as well as a source for basic principles needed to analyze other fluid systems not covered explicitly in the book. The objective here is not to provide a mindless set of recipes for rote application, however, but to demonstrate an organized approach to problem analysis beginning with basic principles and ending with results of very practicalapplicability. Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics is based on notes that I have complied and continually revised while teaching the junior-level fluid mechanics course for chemical engineering students at Texas A&M University over the last 30 years. It has been my experience that, when being introduced to a new subject, students learn best by starting with simple special cases that they can...