Devy

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SEYC
Present perfect / simple past
Simple Past | Present Perfect Simple |
irregular verbs: see 2nd column of irregular verbsExample:I spoke | irregular verbs: form of 'have' + 3rd column of irregular verbsExample:I / you / we / they have spokenhe / she / it has spoken |
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regular verbs: infinitive + edExample:I worked | regular verbs: form of 'have' + infinitive + edExample:I /you / we / they have workedhe / she / it has worked |
Exceptions |
Exceptionswhenadding 'ed': * when the final letter is e, only add dExample:love - loved * after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled Example:admit - admitted * final l is always doubled in British English (not in American English) Example:travel - travelled * after a consonant, final y becomes i (but:not after a vowel) Example:worry - worried |
Use
In British English, the use of Simple Past and Present Perfect is quite strict. As soon as a time expression in the past is given, you have to use Simple Past. If there are no signal words, you must decide if we just talk about an action in the past or if its consequence in the present is important.
Note that the following explanations andexercises refer to British English only. In American English, you can normally use Simple Past instead of Present Perfect. We cannot accept this in our exercises, however, as this would lead to confusions amongst those who have to learn the differences.

Present perfect + yet / already
Already means that something happened earlier than we expected. With Present Perfect already usually goes afterhave or has and before the main verb.
Examples

   - We've already had our breakfast.

   - When are you going to do your homework?
   - But I've already done it!

   - Do you want a cup of coffee?
   - No, thanks. I've already had one."
Yet means that something that we expected has happened or hasn't happened. We usually put it at the end of a sentence.
Examples

   - Has the postarrived yet?

   - Have you done your homework?
   - Not yet.

   - Haven't you got ready yet? Look at the time!

Present perfect + just
* JUST - Using just with present perfect:

Use: Use just to express actions that have happened RECENTLY. Just goes after the auxiliary have/has and before the past participle

- Maria has just finished her homework. (not so long ago)
- They havejust come from the supermarket.
- It has just started raining.
Present Perfect + for / since
We use Present Perfect tense to talk about action which started in the past and continues up to the present.
Examples
   I have had this computer for about a year.
   How long have you been at this school?
   I haven't seen Julia since September.
Tip! For other uses of the Present Perfecttense, see the Present Perfect Tense - When to Use.
We use for with a period of time, for example: a few days, half an hour, two years. We use since with the time when the action started, for example: last year, June 8, I met you.
Past Progressive
Use of Past Progressive
* puts emphasis on the course of an action in the past
Example: He was playing football.
* two actions happening at thesame time (in the past)
Example: While she was preparing dinner, he was washing the dishes.
* action going on at a certain time in the past
Example: When I was having breakfast, the phone suddenly rang
Past Progressive/ Simple Past
Simple Past | Past Progressive |
irregular verbs: see 2nd column of irregular verbsI spokeregular verbs: verb + edI worked | past form of 'be' + ing formof verb
 I was speaking
you were speaking
he / she / it was speaking
we were speaking
they were speaking |

Relative pronouns: Who/Which/That
Definition: We use the relative pronouns to refer to a noun mentioned before and of which we are adding more information. They are used to join two or more sentences and forming in that way what we call "relative sentences".
Relative pronouns |...