Economia

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The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Europe Unlike most existing textbooks on the economic history of modern Europe, which offer a country-by-country approach, The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Europe rethinks Europe’s economic history since 1700 as unified and pan-European, with the material organised by topic rather than by country. This firstvolume is centred on the transition to modern economic growth, which first occurred in Britain before spreading to other parts of western Europe by 1870. Each chapter is written by an international team of authors who cover the three major regions of northern Europe, southern Europe, and central and eastern Europe. The volume covers the major themes of modern economic history, including trade;urbanization; aggregate economic growth; the major sectors of agriculture, industry and services; and the development of living standards, including the distribution of income. The quantitative approach makes use of modern economic analysis in a way that is easy for students to understand. Stephen Broadberry is Professor of Economic History at the University of Warwick and a Co-ordinator of the EconomicHistory Initiative at the Centre for Economic Policy Research. His recent publications include The Economics of World War I (2005, as co-editor) and Market Services and the Productivity Race, 1850–2000: Britain in International Perspective (2006). Kevin H. O’Rourke is Professor of Economics at Trinity College Dublin and a Co-ordinator of the Economic History Initiative at the Centre for EconomicPolicy Research. His recent publications include The New Comparative Economic History: Essays in Honor of Jeffrey G. Williamson (2007, as co-editor), and Power and Plenty: Trade, War, and the World Economy in the Second Millennium (2007, with Ronald Findlay).

The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Europe Volume 1 1700–1870
edited by Stephen Broadberry and Kevin H. O’Rourke

CAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITY PRESS

Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521882026 © Cambridge University Press 2010 This publication is incopyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published in print format 2010 ISBN-13 ISBN-13 ISBN-13 978-0-511-72970-6 978-0-521-88202-6 978-0-521-70838-8 eBook (NetLibrary) Hardback Paperback

Cambridge University Press hasno responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.

This book is dedicated to the memory of Larry Epstein.

Contents

List of figures page viii List of tables ix List of contributors xi Preface xiiiIntroduction to Volume 1 1 Stephen Broadberry and Kevin H. O’Rourke 1 2 3 Part I: Aggregate growth and cycles Understanding growth in Europe, 1700–1870: theory and evidence 7 Joel Mokyr and Hans-Joachim Voth The demographic transition and human capital 43 George Alter and Gregory Clark State and private institutions 70 Dan Bogart, Mauricio Drelichman, Oscar Gelderblom, and Jean-Laurent Rosenthal Tradeand empire 96 Kevin H. O’Rourke, Leandro Prados de la Escosura, and Guillaume Daudin Business cycles 122 Lee Craig and Concepción García-Iglesias

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Part II: Sectoral analysis 6 Agriculture 147 Tracy Dennison and James Simpson 7 Industry 164 Stephen Broadberry, Rainer Fremdling, and Peter Solar 8 The services sector 187 Regina Grafe, Larry Neal, and Richard W. Unger Part III: Living...