Educacion

Introduction

Neologisms are the main problem of modern scientific research. A lot of new objects and processes are continually created in technology. We can find new ideas and variations in social life, science.
Neologisms can be defined as newly coined lexical units that acquire new sense.
To be more specific, Peter New marks defines neologisms as “newly come lexical or existing units thatacquire a new sense”([Newmark 140). This definition still provokes in our minds a number of questions. For example, how can a lexical unit to be considered as “newly come”? or what criteria could be used to assess whether the sense of a word is new?
Technical neologisms, or new technical terminologies, have long been considered the central difficulty in technical translation for it concerns withgreat efforts of the translator to make readers of the target language understand exactly the new translated concepts.

Chapter 1

1. Classification of Neologisms
Neologisms can be classified according to the style, the translation perspective and the term coinage.
Regarding the style, Galperin divided neologisms into two types, which are “terminological neologisms” and “stylisticneologisms”.
Terminological neologisms are those that designate newborn concepts while stylistic neologisms are coined because their creator seeks expressive utterance (Galperine 84-8). In this research, I am discussing the first type of neologisms, i.e.
Terminological neologisms in technical texts, or “technical neologisms”.
In translation perspective, neologisms can be divided into “primaryneologisms” and “translated neologisms”. “Primary neologisms” are formed when a new term is created for a new concept in a certain language. “Translated neologisms” are formed when a new expression in another language is created for an existing term.
For example;
Thus, “hacker” or “piratas informáticos” is Spanish translated neologisms of the new English word “hacker”. Regarding the English wordcoinage, Peter Newmark in his book
A textbook of translation reviewed 12 types of neologisms ( Newmark 140-148):
a) completely new words
.
b) old words or collocations with new meanings
c) New collocations
, e.g. “urban guerrilla”, “unsocial hours”.
d) Eponyms
recently based on proper names, including inventors and names of firms and towns.
e) Acronyms
.
f) Blends
i.e.combinations of two words, highly productive.
g) Phrasal
( nouns or verbs),e.g. “trade-off”, “zero-in”.
h) Derived-formed with productive prefixes or suffixes, e.g. “misdefine” “encyclopaedism”.
i) Abbreviations
( shortened form of word).
j) Transferred word-words borrowed from other languages and kept only one sense of their foreign nationality. They are likely to be “media” or “product” ratherthan technological neologisms.
k) Pseudo-neologisms-generic words standing in for specific words.
l) Internationalisms-words that keeps the same meanings and the same forms in many countries.

Chapter 2

2.1 The Features of Translated Technical Neologisms

It is necessary for translator to bear in mind the features of translated neologisms when translating. There are:
Monosemantic:each item used in a specialty must be understood by only one meaning, even though the same term used in different aspects may have different meanings.
Consistency: Terms express concepts of things and activities relating to each other under a system of rules; therefore, they should be consistent .The consistency can be seen through the structure and the repeated use of words in a specific text.Internationality: This is because science and technology are products of human being as a whole. Newborn concept, once appears will be made popular to all the people in the world.
This explains why a term may be used in many languages. However, unlike other established technical term, translated technical neologisms may not be consistent in forms as they are too new to be standardized in our...