El Regne Unit

INS Taradell
Departament de Ciències Socials
3r Trimeste GRAN BRETANYA
Marta Ramonet Sospedra, Judit Martínez Moreno
Cristina Codina Banús, Èlia Brussosa Torrentó 3r C
Curs 2013-2014
ÍNDEX:
1. Introducció 2. Història 3. Geografia 4. Economia 1. Introducció:
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the official name of a state in Western Europeconsists of four countries: England, Scotland and Wales, but often also includes the Scottish islands of Orkney , the Hebrides and Shetland.
England is the largest community, though there is no point of view there is no constitutional institutions that act only on their territory, if we except the Church of England and sports organizations. However, clearly has an important role and domination withinthe state, both for its territorial expansion (130.439km2) and population (49.752.900h) and for its leadership in economic activities. It is administratively divided into thirty-nine counties and seven metropolitan counties. The language of England is English, spoken mainly around the UK, which is a language of Anglo-Saxon origin.
Scotland (78.722km2 and 5.119.200h) situated in the north of theisland and lost political independence in 1707. Since 1999 has its own parliament of 129 members, with authority over internal affairs (including education, health, local government, security and prosecution). It also retains the legal system is based on Roman law, and the educational system. Is represented in Parliament by its members in London and has a religious institution itself, the Church ofScotland, Presbyterian structure and evangelical confession. Two languages, coexist in the country, Gaelic Scotland, very minor and preserved in the Highlands and Hèrbides (1.16% of the population) and English. From the administrative point of view, is divided into twelve regions, which correspond to the three archipelagos.
Wales was joined to England by the Act of Union in 1636, but has keptalive the nationalist sentiment. Since 1999 has its own parliament, 60 members, with more restricted powers than the Scottish.
The extension is 20.768km2 Wales and its population of 2,937,000 inhabitants. His speech, the Welsh is a Celtic language Brythonic group and has one of the oldest literary traditions in Europe. Despite taught at schools as a second language, only spoken by 23% of thepopulation, especially in rural areas and in the north. English has become the dominant language. The administrative structure consists of eight Welsh counties.
Les quatre províncies històriques d’Irlanda (Ulster, Leinster, Munster i Connacht), l’Ulster comprenia nou comtats, tres de religió catòlica (CAvan Donegal i Monaghan) i sis majoritàriament anglicans (Antrum, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderryi Tyrone). Quan es va proclamar la independència d’Irlanda, el 1922, els sis comtats no catòlics no s’incorporen a la nova entitat estatal i van crear una unitat política (la Irlanda del Nord) dins del Regne Unit, que tingué un parlament i un govern propis fins al 1973. Al juliol de 1974 el territori passà a dependre directament d’un secretari d’estat per als afers irlandesos del Govern deLondres, a conseqüència dels enfrontaments entre catòlics i no catòlics, que es van iniciar l 1969. De tota manera, l’any 2000, per un acord entre el Regne unit i Irlanda, s’hi va crear un govern autònom, que funciona amb moltes dificultats per la gran diversitat de corrents ideològics que hi ha presents, alguns dels quals han estat històricament bàndols enfrontats en la lluita armada (bàsicament elspartidaris, republicans, de l’annexió a Irlanda i els unionistes, favorables a la permanència dins el Regne Unit).Administrativament,la Irlanda del Nord està dividida en vint-i-sis districtes municipals; té una extensió de 14.121 km2 i 1.583.000 habitants. La llengua oficial es l'anglès, si bé l'irlandès o gaèlic s'ensenya com a segona llengua a les escoles catòliques.
L'illa de Man (588km2 i...