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Kelly Puls
Dr. Emmons
817-995-8211

Final Exam Review

Herbert Hoover- Republican who ran against Al Smith in the election of 1928. Preferred liassaz-Faire economy, and was blamed for the great depression, but it really was not his fault. He was the head of the food administration in WW1 and was well liked coming into presidency.
Stock Market Crash- Only 1 percent of Americans wereinvested in stocks at the time of the crash. It started when the market peaked at 450, and then started to fall in the fall of 1929, Oct. 29th was Black Thursday when market sunk to 200 points. Originally this was thought to be a market correction, but in reality there were a lot of margin buyers who had used borrowed money to invest. Hoover thought it would balance itself out, but outside of NY no onereally paid attention to this.
Reconstruction Finance Corp. – provided federal money to lend to businesses to keep people on the payroll.
Dust Bowl- manmade and a natural problem in the great plains because of the increase in farm output in the 1920s and the homestead act made soil sandy and overworked. This dust made so much static that cars would not work and people got knocked to the floorby a static electricity shock, and dust was put on ships 500 miles off the eastern shoreline.
Franklin D. Roosevelt- serving as the NY governor during the time of his election and was a cousin of Teddy Roosevelt. In 1932 he was elected decisively and had a strong democratic congress. He ran on the New Deal which was undefined during his campaign, and he was thought to have sympathy for peoplebecause he suffered a disability as a result of polio.
New Deal- this was a huge range of agencies and programs in order to restore economic strength through the “3 R’s”: Relieve, food and medical needs. Recovery. Reform, so the depression won’t happen again.
Brain Trust- TR relied on this group during his campaign, and it was an informal group of advisors from all walks of life, with the corebeing economists from NY, and he even had a black subset of advisors, his first Q was what caused the depression? This group thought that in order to cure the depression, purchasing power needed to be restored to the consumers. Kansien philosophy to get people back on the payroll, but people said he should worry about inflation and debt, but Kane’s said taxes will offset these issues.
MaryMcLeod Bethune- member of both the AA and regular braintrusts who focused on helping out blacks and students, she was from NC, and came up with Pel-Grants and Work Study programs.
100 Days- period after Roosevelt’s inauguration for 3 months, and was the most productive period in Congress, which provided reassurance to many Americans.

Bank Holiday- Roosevelt’s first major concern were the banksclosing between (3,000 and 9,000) daily, so he closed all national banks by executive power on March 9th so that hopefully the banks could recover and less people would be scrambling to withdraw all of their money.
Emergency Banking Act- Federal inspectors went to banks to see if they were fit to reopen, and this actually worked. This also created the FDIC which was a federal guarantee ofindividual deposits.
Federal Emergency Relief Administration
Civilian Conservation Corps- this was a popular agency, civilian conservation core, employed young people between 18-25 that built parks receiving 30 a month with 25 going home to their families, and this helped take young people out of the job competition, employed 2.5 million, had segregated camps, and ended in 1941 because of war.
WorksProgress Administration- focused on getting people back to work on the federal payroll, at the beginning they only were appropriated 5 million and most people were paid to do basically nothing. They then built roads, schools, libraries, and post offices but never paid more than private wages. Roosevelt included artistic achievements because he believed they provided hope.
Agricultural...