Estudiante

EDUCATION MINISTERY
PRIVATE EDUCATION

HIGH SCHOOL:
INSTITUTO CHIRIQUÍ

STUDENT:
MIGUEL ÁNGEL ÁVILEZ WONG
4 – 772 – 1402

SUBJECT:
ENGLISH

ENGLISH HOMEWORK

SCHOOL YEAR:
6TO AÑO

DATE:
07/10/12 

INDEX
INTRODUCTION
1. Speech……………………………………………………………………………………………4
2 Symbols…………………………………………………………………………………………..5
2.1 Cave paintings……………………………………………………………………………….…5
2.2 Petroglyphs……………………………………………………………………………………5
2.3 Pictograms……………………………………………………………………………………..6
2.4 Ideograms…………………………………………….………………………………………..6
2.5 Writing……………………………………………….……………………………………..….7
2.5.1 Alphabet…………………………………………………………………………………..…8

History of communication

The history of communication dates back to prehistory, with significant changes in communication technologies (media andappropriate inscription tools) evolving in tandem with shifts in political and economic systems, and by extension, systems of power. Communication can range from very subtle processes of exchange, to full conversations and mass communication. Human communication was revolutionized with speech approximately 200,000 years ago. Symbols were developed about 30,000 years ago, and writing about 7,000]. On amuch shorter scale, there have been major developments in the field of telecommunication in the past few centuries.

Symbols
Various religious symbols.

The imperfection of speech, which nonetheless allowed easier dissemination of ideas and stimulated inventions, eventually resulted in the creation of new forms of communications, improving both the range at which people could communicate andthe longevity of the information. All of those inventions were based on the key concept of the symbol: a conventional representation of a concept.
Cave paintings

The oldest known symbols created with the purpose of communication through time are the cave paintings, a form of rock art, dating to the Upper Paleolithic. Just as the small child first learns to draw before it masters more complexforms of communication, so homo sapiens' first attempts at passing information through time took the form of paintings. The oldest known cave painting is that of the Chauvet Cave, dating to around 30,000 BC. Though not well standardized, those paintings contained increasing amounts of information: Cro-Magnon people may have created the first calendar as far back as 15,000 years ago.The connectionbetween drawing and writing is further shown by linguistics: in the Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece the concepts and words of drawing and writing were one and the same (Egyptian: 's-sh', Greek: 'graphein').
Petro glyphs
The next step in the history of communications is petroglyphs, carvings into a rock surface. It took about 20,000 years for homo sapiens to move from the first cave paintings tothe first petroglyphs, which are dated to around 10,000BC.
It is possible that the humans of that time used some other forms of communication, often for mnemonic purposes - specially arranged stones, symbols carved in wood or earth, quipu-like ropes, tattoos, but little other than the most durable carved stones has survived to modern times and we can only speculate about their existence based onour observation of still existing 'hunter-gatherer' cultures such as those of Africa or Oceania.

Pictograms

A pictogram (pictograph) is a symbol representing a concept, object, activity, place or event by illustration. Pictography is a form of proto-writing whereby ideas are transmitted through drawing. Pictographs were the next step in the evolution of communication: the most importantdifference between petroglyphs and pictograms is that petroglyphs are simply showing an event, but pictograms are telling a story about the event, thus they can for example be ordered in chronological order.
Pictograms were used by various ancient cultures all over the world since around 9000 BC, when tokens marked with simple pictures began to be used to label basic farm produce, and become...