Etapas Del Turismo

Sonia Ivonne Castro Sánchez

The important of space in the narrratology
Time, characters and space are characteristics in narratology. However, space is the most important one. Without space we could not even imagine a story. But it is also true that time and space are very related to each other. "The inseparability of space and time in narrative is suggested, among other ideas, by Baxtin’s(1938) polysemic concept of chronotope, by Werth’s (1999) “text world,” by Herman’s (2005) “storyworld,” and by Genette’s (1972) “diégèse.” All of these concepts cover both the space-occupying existents and the temporally extending events referred to by narrative discourse". The space always changes according the time and it is contructed from certain characteristics that we know through what wecall description.
According to Pimentel, description is "the textual expansion of a lexical stock, since it is proposed as an equivalence between a nomenclature and a predicative serie"1 (Pimentel: 8, traducción mía).
A description helps us to imagine the space where a story is placed. James Joyce, for example, was one of the writers who used a lot of description in his works of art. EvenJoyce considered himself a great writer by saying that "he had given a complete image of Dublin that if one day it would suddenly dissapear, it could be reconstructed by the description of his book".2
But we have to know that the description varies depending on what the writer wants to focus on. First, we have to consider that there are different kinds of spaces such as close space, open space,real, fantastic, subjective and objective.
For example, if we wanted to describe the space in "Travels in the scriptorium" we could immediately say that it is a close space. The whole novel is developed in a single room. In this novel, the space is the most important element. The fact that a man is enclosed in a room and he does not know the reason Is something that does not happen in the everydaylife and makes us keep on reading to discover everything about it.
However, we are not only talking about a close space but a fantastic space too because it has no relation with spaces in reality and a mental space. In the novel "Travels in the scriptorum" we can see and example of mental space. This man who is enclosed in a room does not know the reason why he is there or how long he is goingto be there.This fact tells us that this mental space is almost empty. As the novel goes by, the man starts remembering things of his life, however, he never knows if those memories are true or maybe he is just imagining everything.
"Travels in the Scriptorium opens in seemingly complete oblivion with an unidentified man sitting on a bed in a room. As the novel progresses, the space surroundingthis man—both the physical and geographical, as well as the mental space of his conscience, memory and awareness—is gradually articulated into place, mapped and spread out. Other characters come to see him, with stories and questions and tasks. And it turns out that the man is a writer, an author, originator of characters and events—who are now returning to confront and plague their inventor, whoseems to be on trial for crimes against characterhood". (Jens Fredslund: 12)
"Representations of space are not necessarily narratives—think of geographical maps, landscape paintings, etc.—but all narratives imply a world with spatial extension, even when spatial information is withheld"
There are also different types of narratological space:
· Spatial frames: the immediate surroundings ofactual events, the various locations shown by the narrative discourse or by the image.
· Setting: the general socio-historico-geographical environment in which the action takes place. In contrast to spatial frames, this is a relatively stable category which embraces the entire text.
· Story space: the space relevant to the plot, as mapped by the actions and thoughts of the characters. It consists...