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dsfs Chapter 2 (The Constitution) Vocabulary

1. Representative Assembly: A legislative composed of individuals who represent the f.
2. First Continental Congress: The first gathering of delegates from twelve of the thirteen colonies, held in 1774.
3. Second Continental Congress: The 1775 congress of the colonies thatestablished an army.
4. Natural Rights: Rights held to be inherent in natural law, not dependent on governments.
5. Special Contract: A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.
6. Unicameral Legislature: A legislature with only one legislative body.
7.Confederation: A political system in which states or regional governments retain ultimate authority except for those whose powers they expressly delegate to a central government. A voluntary association of independent states, in which the member states agree to limited restraints on their freedom of action.
8. State: A group of people occupying in a specific area andorganized under one government; may be either a nation or a subunit of a nation.
9. Bicameral legislature: A legislature made up of two chambers, or parts. Th U.S. Congress, composed of the House of Representatives and the Senate, is a bicameral legislature.
10. Supremacy Doctrine: A doctrine that asserts the superiority of national law over state orregionals laws.
11. Great Compromise: The compromise between the New Jersey and the Virginia plans that created one chamber of the Congress based on population and one chamber representing each state equally; also called the Connecticut Compromise.
12. Separation of Powers: The principle of dividing governmental powers among the executive, the legislative, and thejudicial branches of government.
13. Madisonian Model: A structure of government proposed by James Madison in which the powers of the government are separated into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial.
14. Checks and Balances: A major principle of the American government system whereby each branch of the government exercises a check on theactions of the others.
15. Federal System: A system of government in which power is divided by a written constitution between a central government and regional, or subdivisional, governments. Each level must have some domain in which its policies are dominant and some genuine political or constitutional guarantee of its authority.
16. RatificationL Formalapproval
17. Federalists: The name given to one who was in favor of the adoption of the U.S. Constitution and the creation of a federal union with a strong central government.
18. Anti-Federalist: An individual who opposed the ratification of the new Constitution in 1787. The Anti-Federalists were opposed to a strong central government.
19.Executive Agreement: A binding international agreement made between chiefs of state that does not require legislative sanction.
20. Judicial Review: The power of the Supreme Court or any court to declare unconstitutional federal or state laws and other acts of government.

Chapter 3 (Federalism) Vocabulary:

1. UnitarySystem: A centralized governmental system in which local or subdivisional governments exercise only those powers given to them by the central government.
2. Confederal System: A system of government consisting of a league of independent states, each having essentially sovereign powers. The central gov created by such a league has only limited powers of the states.
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