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P.P.S Present Perfect simple

We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect withspecific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect withunspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times

FORM
[Has/have + past participle], several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.

Positive statement: I have cooked, I have written, Hehas cooked, He has written (I've cooked, He's cooked)
Negative statement: I have not played (I haven't played), He has not done (He hasn't done)
Question: Have you worked?
Negative question: Haveyou not bought? (Haven't you bought?)
This tense is made with the present simple form of the verb to have (have, has) and the past participle (cooked, written). It is similar to the future perfectsimple and past perfect simple tense.

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Different Uses

1. We use the present perfect simple for activities or states that started in the past and still continue.
We have lived here since 2001.She has known me for more than two years.
I haven't seen her since Christmas.
How long have they been here?
2. We use it to describe some experience that happened in the past (the time is not given),but the effects are important now.
She has been to London. (And so she knows London.)
3. The present perfect simple is used for activities that have a present result.
The bus hasn't arrived. (Itdid not arrived on time and we are still waiting now.)
I have bought a new house. (I did it last month and it means that now I have a new address.)

* puts emphasis on the result
Example:She has written five letters.
* action that is still going on
Example: School has not started yet.
* action that stopped recently
Example: She has cooked dinner.
* finished action that has...