Impacto De Las Actividades Quita-Nieves

PAINT PAVEMENT MARKING PERFORMANCE PREDICTION MODEL THAT INCLUDES THE IMPACTS OF SNOW REMOVAL OPERATIONS

THESIS

Dale M. Mull, Captain, USAF AFIT/GEM/ENV/11-M04 DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE AIR UNIVERSITY

AIR FORCE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED

The views expressed in this thesis are those of theauthor and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the United States Government. This material is declared a work of the United States Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States.

AFIT/GEM/ENV/11-M04

PAINT PAVEMENT MARKING PERFORMANCE PREDICTION MODEL THAT INCLUDES THE IMPACTS OF SNOWREMOVAL OPERATIONS

THESIS

Presented to the Faculty Department of Systems and Engineering Management Graduate School of Engineering and Management Air Force Institute of Technology Air University Air Education and Training Command In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Engineering Management

Dale M. Mull, BS Captain, USAF

March 2011

APPROVEDFOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED

AFIT/GEM/ENV/11-M04

PAINT PAVEMENT MARKING PERFORMANCE PREDICTION MODEL THAT INCLUDES THE IMPACTS OF SNOW REMOVAL OPERATIONS

Dale M. Mull, BS Captain, USAF

Approved:

Abstract

The results of this research effort were captured in two manuscripts drafted for publication in peer reviewed journals. The first manuscript validated apreviously published model with an expanded data set, updated service life predictions for painted pavement markings using recently released pavement marking retroreflectivity minimums, and incorporated recent cost data to evaluate two alternative methods of compliance with new retroreflectivity minimums for two-lane roads. The second manuscript developed a new performance prediction model forpaint pavement markings that includes the impact of snow removal operations and then applied the model to four real-world roadways to determine if replacement is required. This research determined that each snow plow event degrades paint pavement markings by 3.22 mcd/m2/lux which is more than one month of service life. The work also showed that with no snow fall, an Annual Average Daily Traffic(AADT) of 4,000, and an Initial RL of 220 mcd/m2/lux, paint pavement markings have a service life greater than five years on roads with posted speeds less than 55 mph. Finally, the research confirmed that AADT has a small but significant impact on the degradation of painted pavement markings. The results also indicated the model developed for North Carolina might be useful in other states.iv

AFIT/GEM/ENV/11-M04

This work is dedicated foremost to my beloved wife and my dear son.

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Table of Contents Page Abstract .............................................................................................................................. iv List of Figures.................................................................................................................... ix List of Tables .......................................................................................................................x I. Introduction .....................................................................................................................1 Background......................................................................................................................2 Pavement Marking Materials .......................................................................................2 Retroreflectivity ...........................................................................................................4 Snow Removal Operations and Management ..............................................................6 The Standard Test Method...