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SAS Programming I:
Essentials

Course Notes

SAS® Programming I: Essentials Course Notes was developed by Michelle Buchecker, Sarah Calhoun,
and Larry Stewart. Additional contributions were made by Warren Repole. Editing and production
support was provided by the Curriculum Development and Support Department.
SAS and all other SAS Institute Inc. product or service names areregistered trademarks or trademarks of
SAS Institute Inc. in the USA and other countries. ® indicates USA registration.
Other brand and product names are trademarks of their respective companies.
SAS® Programming I: Essentials Course Notes
Copyright  2004 by SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC 27513, USA. All rights reserved. Printed in the
United States of America. No part of this publication may bereproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without
the prior written permission of the publisher, SAS Institute Inc.
Book code 59728, course code PROG1, prepared date 29Apr04.

For Your Information

Table of Contents
Course Description...................................................................................................................... vi
To learn more…..........................................................................................................................vii
Prerequisites ..............................................................................................................................viii
General Conventions................................................................................................................... ix
Chapter 1
1.1

Introduction .......................................................................................... 1-1

An Overview of the SAS System.....................................................................................1-3

Chapter 2

Getting Started with the SAS® System............................................... 2-1

2.1

Introduction to SAS Programs .........................................................................................2-3

2.2

Running SAS Programs ...................................................................................................2-8

2.3

Mastering FundamentalConcepts..................................................................................2-31

2.4

Diagnosing and Correcting Syntax Errors .....................................................................2-41

2.5

Exploring Your SAS Environment (Self-Study) ............................................................2-52

2.6

Solutions to Exercises....................................................................................................2-67

Chapter 3

Getting Familiar with SAS® Data Sets................................................. 3-1

3.1

SAS Data Libraries ..........................................................................................................3-3

3.2

Solutions to Exercises ....................................................................................................3-16Chapter 4

Producing List Reports........................................................................ 4-1

4.1

Getting Started with the PRINT Procedure......................................................................4-3

4.2

Sequencing and Grouping Observations........................................................................4-14

4.3

Identifying Observations(Self-Study) ...........................................................................4-22

4.4

Special WHERE Statement Operators (Self-Study) ......................................................4-28

iii

iv

4.5

For Your Information

Solutions to Exercises ....................................................................................................4-31

Chapter 5...