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Grammar Practice

The present perfect for the past events related to the present
1. The Brown Family goes to Switzerland every winter.  They started to do this 4 years ago.
The Brown Family has gone to Switzerland every winter for  4 years.

2.  My brother ate frogs' legs.  He ate frogs' legs three times.
My brother has eaten frogs' legs three times.

3.  Carol is in Morocco.  She wentthere last month.
Carol has been in Morocco since last month.
Carol has been in Morocco for a month.

4.  Timothy rides a bus to school.  He started to do it when his car broke down.
Timothy has ridden the bus to school since his car broke down.

5.  Jorge and Carmen are married.  They got  married in 1980.
Jorge and Carmen have been married since 1980.
6.  Scientists are concerned withthe world's rain forests.  This concern started many years ago.
Scientists have been concerned with the world's rain forests for many years.
7.  James knows how to repair computers.  He learned how to do it a long time ago.
James has known how to repair computers for a long time.
8.  I wanted to go to Japan several years ago.  I still want to go.
I have wanted to go to Japan for severalyears.
9.  Maria was excited about space exploration when she was young.  She is still excited about it.
Maria has been excited about space exploration since she was young.
10.  I saw the answers to the test.  When I saw the answers is a secret.
I have seen the answers to the test.
1. All samples ( failed / have failed) under the first test condition.

Because we have the results, it is clearthat the testing is complete; that is, past and finished.
2. Recent studies (showed / have shown) that...
 
It is unclear exactly when the studies were carried out.
1. Research conducted in the 1990s ( showed / has shown) that...
 
The 1990s are past and finished.

2. The studies ( were not completed / have not been completed) yet.

The word 'yet' shows that the timeframe forthe studies is not past.

3. Two years ago, researchers ( demonstrated / have demonstrated) the link between...

'Two years ago' is past and finished.

4. Over the past six years, there ( were / have been) several exciting developments in the field of mechatronics.

The exact times of the developments are not specified.

5. Lewis's (2004) investigation ( proved / has proved) theeffect of...

The exact year is given.

6. An investigation ( was carried out / has been carried out) recently into...

'Recently' is the hint.

Adjective Clauses
1. William C. Buckhoff,_____________________ , lives in North Dakota.
A.  who is my father
B.  is my father
C.  that is my father
D.  which is my father
2.  The car was  not running,__________________________ .
A.  that surprised  the mechanic
B.  which surprised  the mechanic
C.  who surprised  the mechanic
D.  surprised  the mechanic
3.  ________________________________who visited our class last week. 
A. Tomohiro talked to the woman
B. Tomohiro who talked to the woman
C. Tomohiro talking to the woman
D. Tomohiro that talked to the woman
4. The movie ________________________ was intriguing.
A. who we saw last month
B.  that we saw last month
C.  that saw last month
D.  that we seeing last month
5.  The Mariah Carey CD ____________________________. 
A.  which we listened  was  good
B.  which to we listened  was  good
C.  to which we listened  was  good
D.  that we listened  was  good
6.   _______________________whom I told Saleh about. 
A.  Is this the woman
B. This is womanC. This are the woman
D. This is the woman
7.   It is important to read books_________________________.
A.   that have good plots
B.   having good plots
C.   have good plots
D.   which has good plots

8. We affirm the students= right to their own patterns and varieties of language B the dialects of their nurture or whatever dialects ______________________________.
A.  which they find...