Large Handrod Collider

INTRODUCTION

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is a circular particle accelerator 27 miles circuferencia. It will be used to study the smallest known particles. Two beams of subatomic particles called 'hadrons' - either protons or lead ions - will travel in opposite directions inside the circular accelerator, gaining energy with every lap. Physicists will use the LHC to recreate the conditionsjust after the Big Bang, by colliding the two beams head-on at very high energy. There are many theories about what will result from these collisions, but what is certain is that a new world of physics will emerge from the new accelerator, as knowledge in particle physics will describe the workings of the Universe. for decades, the Standard Model, which is currently the theoretical framework ofparticle physics has served physicists as a way of understanding the fundamental laws of nature, but not complete. Only experimental data with the highest energies reached by the LHC can push knowledge forward, challenging those who seek confirmation of established knowledge, and those who dare to dream beyond paradigma.Uno major objective is to find the Higgs boson. largest accelerator ever built,the LHC, is making his final tests. Throttle only requires a power of 120 MW (800,000 MWh / year) to be supplied from French nuclear plants.

LARGE HANDRON COLLIDER
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest and highest-energy particle accelerator. It was built by the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) from 1998 to 2008, with the aim of allowing physicists to test thepredictions of different theories of particle physics and high-energy physics, and particularly that of the existence of the hypothesized Higgs boson and of the large family of new particles predicted by supersymmetric theories. The LHC is expected to address some of the most fundamental questions of physics, advancing human understanding of the deepest laws of nature. It contains six detectorseach designed for specific kinds of exploration.
The LHC lies in a tunnel 27 kilometres (17 mi) in circumference, as deep as 175 metres (574 ft) beneath the Franco-Swiss border near Geneva, Switzerland. Its synchrotron is designed to collide opposing particle beams of either protons at up to 7 teraelectronvolts (7 TeV or 1.12 microjoules) per nucleon, or lead nuclei at an energy of 574 TeV(92.0 µJ) per nucleus (2.76 TeV per nucleon-pair). It was built in collaboration with over 10,000 scientists and engineers from over 100 countries, as well as hundreds of universities and laboratories.
On 10 September 2008, the proton beams were successfully circulated in the main ring of the LHC for the first time, but 9 days later operations were halted due to a magnet quench incident resulting from anelectrical fault. The ensuing helium gas explosion damaged over 50 superconducting magnets and their mountings, and contaminated the vacuum pipe. On 20 November 2009 proton beams were successfully circulated again, with the first recorded proton–proton collisions occurring 3 days later at the injection energy of 450 GeV per beam. On 30 March 2010, the first collisions took place between two3.5 TeV beams, setting the current world record for the highest-energy man-made particle collisions, and the LHC began its planned research program.
The LHC will operate at 4 TeV per beam until the end of 2012, 0.5 TeV higher than in 2010 and 2011. It will then go into shutdown for 20 months for upgrades to allow full energy operation (7 TeV per beam), with reopening planned for late 2014Accelerator chain
the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) |
LCH Experiments |
ATLAS | A Toroidal LHC Apparatus |
CMS | Compact Muon Solenoid |
LHCb | LHC-beauty |
ALICE | A Large Ion Collider Experiment |
TOTEM | Total Cross Section, Elastic Scattering and Diffraction Dissociation |
LHCf | LHC-forward |
MoEDAL | Monopole and Exotics Detector At the LHC |
LHC Preaccelerators |
p and Pb |...