Lima En Ingles

LIMA
Lima (from Quechua Limaq) is the city capital of the Republic of Peru . It is located in the country's central coast, along the Pacific Ocean , forming a vast and populous urban area known as Metropolitan Lima , flanked by coastal desert and spread over the valleys of the Chillon , Rimac and Lurin. In 2007, Andhra had more than 8.5 million people 30% of the Peruvian population, numbersthat make it the most populous city.
On January 18, 1535, the Spanish foundation was made ​​with the name City of the Kings in the agricultural region known by the natives as Limaq, name it acquired with time. It was the capital of the Viceroyalty of Peru and the largest and most important city in South America during the Spanish regime. After independence it became the capital of the Republic.
Itis now regarded as the commercial, financial, cultural and political development. Internationally, the city ranks fifth in the most populated cities in Latin America and the Caribbean and is one of the thirty most populous urban agglomerations of the world . For its geostrategic importance has been defined as a world city "class-beta."
Jurisdictionally, the metropolis is mainly spread within theprovince of Lima and a smaller portion to the west within the constitutional province of Callao , where are the seaport and the International Airport Jorge Chavez . Both provinces have regional autonomy since 2002.
Colonial times
In 1532, the Spanish and their Indian allies (the ethnic submitted by the Incas) under the command of Francisco Pizarro took prisoner the Inca Atahualpa in the city ofCajamarca . Although a ransom was paid, was sentenced to death for political and strategic reasons. After some battles, the Spanish conquered the empire . The Spanish crown Francisco Pizarro appointed governor of the lands he conquered. Pizarro decided to found the capital in the valley of the Rimac River , after an unsuccessful attempt to establish in Jauja . Lima was considered strategicallylocated next to a favorable cost to build a port but prudently away from it as to prevent attacks from pirates and foreign powers, fertile land and a suitable cool climate. Thus, the January 18, 1535 Lima was founded under the name Ciudad de los Reyes on territories that had been the chief Taulichusco . Francisco Pizarro, with the collaboration of Nicolas de Ribera , Diego de Agüero and personaltraits Francisco Quintero the Plaza de Armas and the rest of the grid of the city, building the Viceregal Palace (now converted into Peru's Government Palace , which then retains the traditional name of Casa de Pizarro) and the Cathedral , Pizarro placed the first stone with their own hands.
In August 1536, the burgeoning city was besieged by the troops of Manco Capac II , but the Spanish and theirindigenous allies managed to defeat them. In the following years Lima gained prestige by being designated the capital of the Viceroyalty of Peru and home to a Real Audiencia in 1543. Over the next century, prospered as the center of an extensive sales network that integrates the viceroyalty America , Europe and East Asia . But the city was not without dangers, violent earthquakes destroyed muchpart of it in 1687. A second threat was the presence of pirates and privateers in the Pacific Ocean , prompting the construction of the walls of Lima between 1684 and 1687. The 1687 earthquake marked a turning point in the history of Lima , as it coincided with a downturn in trade by economic competition with other cities such as Buenos Aires .
In 1746 an earthquake severely damaged and destroyedLima Callao , forcing a massive redevelopment effort by the Viceroy Jose Antonio Manso de Velasco . In the second half of the eighteenth century , the ideas of enlightenment about the public health social control and influenced the development of the city. During this period, the Peruvian capital was affected by the Bourbon reforms as it lost its monopoly on foreign trade and control over the...