Marcos

UNIVERSIDAD DE ALCALA DE HENARES
MAESTRÍA EN ENDOCRINOLOGÍA AVANZADA

HIPOTIROIDISMO CONGÉNITO
REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA

Marcos F. Balladares R.
Doctor en Medicina y Cirugía.
Especialista en Docencia Universitaria.
Docente de la Facultad de Medicina en el área de Fisiología Medica.
Cuenca - Ecuador
m6517943@hotmail.com

laterales derecho e izquierdo dispuestos a uno y otro
lados de latráquea. Una masa de tejido anterior a la
tráquea, el istmo, une los lóbulos. En algunas
personas, un lóbulo piramidal, pequeño, se extiende

1

LA TIROIDES
La glándula tiroides, o simplemente la
tiroides, es una glándula en forma de mariposa situada
justo en plano inferior a la laringe, con sus lóbulos

ABSTRACT
Hypothyroidism that appears in the first days of
life is oftendifficult to recognize clinically. In fact, many of
the cases diagnosed in screening for early diagnosis of
neonatal hypothyroidism did not reveal any anomalies
practically.
Hypothyroidism in the newborn may be
suspected by the presence of respiratory distress,
cyanosis, persistent jaundice, umbilical hernia, lethargy,
drowsiness, lack of interest in food, hoarse cry,
constipation or presence of alarge anterior fontanelle or
open posterior fontanelle. An important data, but evidently
only investigates whether there is a suspicion prior
consists in the absence of points of ossification of distal
femoral epiphysis and proximal tibial.
If the baby is not diagnosed and treated
properly, they develop the signs mentioned and other
features of the process, such as dry skin, periorbitaledema, macroglossia and abdominal distension. Occur also
severe defects in linear growth and skeletal development
in general.
However, establishing more serious disorders in
the central nervous system. Thus, in the brain there is a
delay of growth and maturation mechanisms, which
causes neurological disorders, such as tremor, spasticity
and incoordination, and mental disorders that cause aserious defect of intellectual development.
This constitutes the so called table set cretinism,
which is known as sporadic when it appears in areas
lacking iodine no. Early treatment of the condition is
critical because otherwise the become irreversible brain
damage.
When hypothyroidism starts between 6 months
and 2 years old, if not start early treatment may also
appear mental deficit.However, if an underactive thyroid
is established after two years, it is more difficult to
produce permanent mental retardation. In children of this
age the disease is manifested by lethargy, apathy and
difficulty learning.
It is essential to the serious impact of thyroid
deficiency on growth and skeletal development. X-ray
examination shows that ossification nuclei have been
formed beforethe hypothyroidism are normal in
appearance, while those formed after the onset of disease
delayed make and abnormal appearance.
Sexual maturation and the onset of puberty are
often delayed. However, sexual precocity also occasionally
observed in both sexes in childhood hypothyroidism.

Página

RESUMEN
El hipotiroidismo que aparece en los primeros
días de vida suele ser difícil dereconocer clínicamente. De
hecho, muchos de los casos diagnosticados en el cribado
de diagnóstico precoz del hipotiroidismo neonatal no
revelan prácticamente anomalía alguna.
El hipotiroidismo en el recién nacido puede
sospecharse por la presencia de dificultades respiratorias,
cianosis, ictericia persistente, hernia umbilical, letargia,
somnolencia, desinterés por la alimentación, llanto ronco,estreñimiento o presencia de una gran fontanela anterior o
una fontanela posterior abierta. Un dato importante, pero
que evidentemente sólo se investiga si existe una
sospecha previa, consiste en la ausencia de los puntos de
osificación de la epífisis femoral distal y tibial proximal.
Si el recién nacido no es diagnosticado y tratado
correctamente, se desarrollan los signos citados y...