Micologia

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Fungi in Bioremediation Bioremediation is an expanding area of environmental biotechnology and may be defined as the application of biological processes to the treatment of pollution. Much bioremediation work has concentrated on organic pollutants, although the range of substances that can be transformed or detoxified by microorganisms includes bothnatural materials and inorganic pollutants, such as toxic metals. The majority of applications developed to date involve bacteria, and there is a distinct lack of appreciation of the potential roles and involvement of fungi in bioremediation, despite clear evidence of their metabolic and morphological versatility. This volume highlights the potential of filamentous fungi, including mycorrhizas, inbioremediation and discusses the physiology and biochemistry of pollutant transformations. Membership of the British Mycological Society is open to all with an interest in fungi, whether professional or amateur. It is an international society with members throughout the world. Further details regarding membership activities and publications can be obtained from the British Mycological Society, JosephBanks Building, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK, http://www.britmycolsoc.org.uk.      , Professor of Microbiology, is Head of the Division of Environmental and Applied Biology in the School of Life Sciences at the University of Dundee.

To my family, Julie, Katy and Richard Gadd, who have been a constant source of irritation throughout this project

Fungi inBioremediation

EDITED BY G. M. GADD

Published for the British Mycological Society

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS

Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title:www.cambridge.org/9780521781190 © British Mycological Society 2001 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published in print format 2001

ISBN-13 978-0-511-40917-2 ISBN-13 978-0-521-78119-0 ISBN-13978-0-521-06531-3

eBook (EBL) hardback paperback

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Contents

List of contributors page vii Preface xi 1 Degradation ofplant cell wall polymers 1 Christine S. Evans and John N. Hedger 2 The biochemistry of ligninolytic fungi 27 Patricia J. Harvey and Christopher F. Thurston 3 Bioremediation potential of white rot fungi 52 C. Adinarayana Reddy and Zacharia Mathew 4 Fungal remediation of soils contaminated with persistent organic pollutants 79 Ian Singleton 5 Formulation of fungi for in situ bioremediation 97 Joan W.Bennett, William J. Connick, Jr, Donald Daigle and Kenneth Wunch 6 Fungal biodegradation of chlorinated monoaromatics and BTEX compounds 113 John A. Buswell 7 Bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by ligninolytic and non-ligninolytic fungi 136 Carl E. Cerniglia and John B. Sutherland 8 Pesticide degradation 188 Sarah E. Maloney 9 Degradation of energetic compounds by fungi 224 David A.Newcombe and Ronald L. Crawford 10 Use of wood-rotting fungi for the decolorization of dyes and industrial effluents 242 Jeremy S. Knapp, Eli J. Vantoch-Wood and Fuming Zhang v

vi

Contents 11 The roles of fungi in agricultural waste conversion Roni Cohen and Yitzhak Hadar 12 Cyanide biodegradation by fungi Michelle Barclay and Christopher J. Knowles 13 Metal transformations Geoffrey M. Gadd...