Nida

Eugene Nida developed the theory of "dynamic equivalence" or "functional equivalence," which stressed the importance of transferring meaning, not grammatical form.
There are problems, however, withdynamic equivalence translations. Since the translator is "freer" from the grammatical forms of the original language s/he is more likely to exceed the bounds of an accurate translation, in an effortto speak naturally in the native language. That is, the dynamic equivalence translations are capable of being more natural and more precise than are formal equivalence translations, but they are alsomore capable of being precisely wrong.
There are some scholars of translation who opposed the theory of Dynamic equivalence such as Eco (2001:5) [2] who argues against Equivalence in meaning; “thentranslation scholars should have had, at least once in their life, both the experience of translating and that of being translated.” Moreover he sees that ( ibid:9) “Equivalence in meaning cannot betaken as a satisfactory criterion for a correct translation, We cannot even accept the naïve idea that equivalence in meaning is provided by synonym, since it is commonly accepted that there are nocomplete synonym in language. Father is not a synonym for daddy, daddy is not a synonym for papa, and père is not a synonym for padre.”Eco (ibid:14) sees that “The translator does not translate a text onthe basis of the dictionary, but rather “on the basis of the whole history of two literatures. Therefore translating is not only connected with linguistic competence, but with intertextual,psychological, and narrative competence. Thus, the translator is forced at all times to go beyond linguistic competence to the cultural spectrum. Consequently, translations do not constitute a comparisonbetween two languages but the interpretation of two texts in two different languages.” As a matter of fact, a perfect theory of translation should be an overall concern of all theories and should meet the...