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Preface 6
Preface to the first edition 8
Chapter 1 - A Tutorial Introduction 9
1.1 Getting Started 9
1.2 Variables and Arithmetic Expressions 11
1.3 The for statement 16
1.4 Symbolic Constants 17
1.5 Character Input and Output 18
1.5.1 File Copying 18
1.5.2 Character Counting 20
1.5.3 Line Counting 21
1.5.4 Word Counting 22
1.6 Arrays 23
1.7Functions 25
1.8 Arguments - Call by Value 28
1.9 Character Arrays 29
1.10 External Variables and Scope 31
Chapter 2 - Types, Operators and Expressions 35
2.1 Variable Names 35
2.2 Data Types and Sizes 35
2.3 Constants 36
2.4 Declarations 39
2.5 Arithmetic Operators 40
2.6 Relational and Logical Operators 40
2.7 Type Conversions 41
2.8 Increment and DecrementOperators 44
2.9 Bitwise Operators 46
2.10 Assignment Operators and Expressions 47
2.11 Conditional Expressions 49
2.12 Precedence and Order of Evaluation 49
Chapter 3 - Control Flow 52
3.1 Statements and Blocks 52
3.2 If-Else 52
3.3 Else-If 53
3.4 Switch 54
3.5 Loops - While and For 56
3.6 Loops - Do-While 58
3.7 Break and Continue 59
3.8 Goto and labels 60
Chapter4 - Functions and Program Structure 62
4.1 Basics of Functions 62
4.2 Functions Returning Non-integers 65
4.3 External Variables 67
4.4 Scope Rules 72
4.5 Header Files 73
4.6 Static Variables 75
4.7 Register Variables 75
4.8 Block Structure 76
4.9 Initialization 76
4.10 Recursion 78
4.11 The C Preprocessor 79
4.11.1 File Inclusion 79
4.11.2 MacroSubstitution 80
4.11.3 Conditional Inclusion 82
Chapter 5 - Pointers and Arrays 83
5.1 Pointers and Addresses 83
5.2 Pointers and Function Arguments 84
5.3 Pointers and Arrays 87
5.4 Address Arithmetic 90
5.5 Character Pointers and Functions 93
5.6 Pointer Arrays; Pointers to Pointers 96
5.7 Multi-dimensional Arrays 99
5.8 Initialization of Pointer Arrays 101
5.9 Pointersvs. Multi-dimensional Arrays 101
5.10 Command-line Arguments 102
5.11 Pointers to Functions 106
5.12 Complicated Declarations 108
Chapter 6 - Structures 112
6.1 Basics of Structures 112
6.2 Structures and Functions 112
6.3 Arrays of Structures 112
6.4 Pointers to Structures 112
6.5 Self-referential Structures 112
6.6 Table Lookup 112
6.7 Typedef 112
6.8 Unions 1126.9 Bit-fields 112
Chapter 7 - Input and Output 112
7.1 Standard Input and Output 112
7.2 Formatted Output - printf 112
7.3 Variable-length Argument Lists 112
7.4 Formatted Input - Scanf 112
7.5 File Access 112
7.6 Error Handling - Stderr and Exit 112
7.7 Line Input and Output 112
7.8 Miscellaneous Functions 112
7.8.1 String Operations 112
7.8.2 CharacterClass Testing and Conversion 112
7.8.3 Ungetc 112
7.8.4 Command Execution 112
7.8.5 Storage Management 112
7.8.6 Mathematical Functions 112
7.8.7 Random Number generation 112
Chapter 8 - The UNIX System Interface 112
8.1 File Descriptors 112
8.2 Low Level I/O - Read and Write 112
8.3 Open, Creat, Close, Unlink 112
8.4 Random Access - Lseek 112
8.5 Example - Animplementation of Fopen and Getc 112
8.6 Example - Listing Directories 112
8.7 Example - A Storage Allocator 112
Appendix A - Reference Manual 112
A.1 Introduction 112
A.2 Lexical Conventions 112
A.2.1 Tokens 112
A.2.2 Comments 112
A.2.3 Identifiers 112
A.2.4 Keywords 112
A.2.5 Constants 112
A.2.6 String Literals 112
A.3 Syntax Notation 112
A.4Meaning of Identifiers 112
A.4.1 Storage Class 112
A.4.2 Basic Types 112
A.4.3 Derived types 112
A.4.4 Type Qualifiers 112
A.5 Objects and Lvalues 112
A.6 Conversions 112
A.6.1 Integral Promotion 112
A.6.2 Integral Conversions 112
A.6.3 Integer and Floating 112
A.6.4 Floating Types 112
A.6.5 Arithmetic Conversions 112
A.6.6 Pointers and...